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In this work, a magnetic hybrid dichromate nanocomposite with triphenylphosphine surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a recyclable nanocatalyst was designed, prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curves, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Then, it was used in a green and efficient procedure for one-pot multicomponent synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives by the condensation of aldehydes, dimedone or 1,3-cyclohexadione, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate. This protocol includes some new and exceptional advantages such as short reaction times, low catalyst loading, high yields, solvent-free and room temperature conditions, easy separation and reusability of the catalyst.

Background and purpose: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and life-threatening interstitial lung disease. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant pharmaceutically available to reduce endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis, however, the therapeutic effect of NAC on PF has not been clearly identified. This research aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic impact of NAC on PF induced by bleomycin in the rat model. Experimental approach: Rats received intraperitoneal injections of NAC at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg for 28 days before bleomycin, while the positive and negative control groups were treated with bleomycin alone and normal saline, respectively. Then, rats’ lung tissues were isolated and leukocyte infiltration and also collagen deposition were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory trichrome stainings, respectively. In addition, the levels of IL-17, and TGF-β cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and hydroxyproline in homogenized lung tissues were assayed using the ELISA method. Findings/Results: Histological findings indicated that NAC decreased leukocyte infiltration, collagen deposition, and fibrosis score in the bleomycin-induced PF tissue. Moreover, NAC significantly reduced TGF-β and hydroxyproline levels at 300-600 mg/kg, as well as IL-17 cytokine at 600 mg/kg. Conclusion and implications: NAC showed a potential anti-fibrotic effect by reducing hydroxyproline and TGF-β as well as an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing IL-17 cytokine. So, it may be administered as a prophylactic or therapeutic candidate agent to attenuate PF via immunomodulatory effects. Although, future studies are suggested.

Hantzsch 1,4-dihyropyridine synthesis is one of the multicomponent reactions that is accomplished with different catalyst and under different conditions. In this work, this one-pot three-component and four-component reactions for the synthesis of 1,4dihyropyridine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives are described in the presence of biopolymer-based gamma-Fe 2 O 3 /Cu/cellulose as a nanocatalyst. This magnetic catalyst was very effective for this reaction, and it was carried out by simple work-up procedure under green and environmentally friendly conditions in ethanol at room temperature.