Real systems approach the ideal by solving technical and physical contradictions. Optimization of system engineering (SE) is achieved when the problem is solved at the level of technical contradiction. When the problem is solved at the level of physical contradiction, the idealization of SE is achieved. Two possible ways of achieving ideality are described in this paper. The expansion process flows at the level of SE (i.e., idealization of another type), and the reduction process flows at the subsystem level (i.e., idealization of the first type). A procedure of mathematical modeling is presented for determining the level of ideality as a criterion for filtering protective suit (FPS) effectiveness, which can be used as a standard for determining the ideality of any SE.

Defining the Ideality of the Protective Masks by the Mathematical Modeling Method Technical contradiction occurs when the system improves one parameter, which automatically causes the deterioration of some of its other parameters. In such a situation, instead of usual acceptance of the optimization of the solution to the problem, in inventology-the process of idealization is carried out for finding the ideal final solution for the given problem. It is achieved if the physical contradictions that exist within the technical contradiction are solved. The paper deals with the procedure of mathematical modeling in determining the level of ideality as a criterion for the effectiveness of the Serbian military protective masks model M3 (mark ZM M3) in relation to the Serbian protective mask of the previous generation of the M2FV label (phonic with the drinking water subsystem). The presented mathematical model for the protective mask can be used as a standard for determining the idealness of any engineering system.

A technical contradiction arises when within a system one parameter improves thus automatically causing another one to worsen. In a situation like this, instead of a usual acceptance of compromise which leads to optimization of a solution for a newly founded problem, in inventology we implement the process of idealisation. The experimental part of this study comprises comparative examination of NaCl aerosol leakage, as a simulator of biological agents, into the epidemiological anti-microbe masks EM1 and EM2, with the aim of determining physiological suitability of EM1 and EM2 and the resistance that arises when inhaling NaCl aerosol was measured at the flows of 95dm 3 /min. It was experimentally proved that impregnation of silver nanoparticles onto the inner filtrating layer of EM2 contributes to the increase of its efficiency, and mathematical modelling helped calculate the realistic increase of this means.

Abstract:The most common chemical's spills in typical transportation accidents are those with petroleum products such as diesel fuel, the consequence of which is an extensive pollution of the soil. In order to plan properly fuel recovery from the soil, it is important to gain information about the soil depth which may be affected by pollutant and to predict the pollutant concentration in different soil layers. This study deals with the impact of basic atmospheric conditions, i.e. air temperature and humidity on the diesel fuel migration through the soil. The diesel fuel was spilled into columns (L = 30 cm; D = 4.6 cm) fi lled with sandy and clay soil samples, and its concentrations at various depths were measured after 11 days under various air temperature (20 and 40°C) and relative humidity (30-100%) conditions. The effects observed were explained by understanding physical processes, such as fuel evaporation, diffusion and adsorption on soil grains. The increase in temperature results in higher fuel evaporation loss and its faster vertical migration. The relative humidity effect is less pronounced but more complex, and it depends much on the soil type.

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