This article describes the development of the Daily Stress Inventory, a measure introduced to provide researchers and clinicians with a psychometrically sound self-report instrument for the daily assessment of the sources and individualized impact of relatively minor stressful events. It was designed to assess sources of stress not typically assessed by major life-event scales. Generalizability coefficients indicate that the scale has significant homogeneity and a useful degree of stability. Several studies investigating the concurrent and construct validities suggest that the scale measures the construct commonly referred to as "stress." Implications for uses in theoretical and basic research as well as clinical assessment are discussed.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles from 123 chronic headache sufferers (48 migraine, 47 muscle contraction, 28 mixed) were cluster analyzed in order to replicate results from other pain populations and to examine differences among the clusters along headache parameters and demographic variables. Four homogeneous subgroups were obtained and a multiple discriminant analysis was successful in correctly classifying 97.56% of the headache subjects. Obtained clusters closely resembled those evidenced in previous pain research. Results indicated that diagnostic category was unrelated to cluster membership; however, frequency of headache occurrence was a differentiating factor. Implications for headache treatment and future research are discussed.

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A randomized 2-group medication adherence intervention is evaluated with HIV-infected adults (N = = 141) assessed at baseline, 3-, and 9-month follow-ups. Cognitive (self-efficacy, behavioral intent), mental health (depression, well-being), and substance use indicators were the outcome measures. In addition, a posttest-only analysis from 3 to 9 months evaluates intervention impact on antiretroviral adherence, measured through Medication Event Monitoring System and pill counts. Compared to the standard care group, the intervention group showed significant increases in adherence self-efficacy and behavioral intent at 3 and 9 months and marginal improvements in mental health. Although the standard care group had higher adherence at 3 months (no baseline data were available prior to intervention), intervention group patients showed significant increases in adherence from 3 to 9 months. Although adherence levels achieved by intervention patients may not be sufficient for virological control, this is one of the first studies to provide promising results of longer term effectiveness of a behavioral adherence intervention.

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