Has the relatively new field of counseling developed like other, older fields? And how have they developed, as mirrored in the titles to articles in principal journals? Eighteen journals, including five in the field of counseling, were sampled. Approximately 24,500 titles were analyzed for changes in length and/or complexity over time. All but the three newest journals, those founded since 1970, showed a distinct trend of longer, more complex titles, suggesting that as fields mature, they become more complex. © 1991 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Concern has been expressed in the literature over inaccuracies both in reference listings and direct quotes. This study examined one volume year of each of four journals in the social sciences to compare 1,278 quotes against the original sources. Of this total, 89 could not be found and 519 (43.7% of the remaining quotes) had one or more inaccuracies, ranging from trivial punctuation differences to errors that significantly changed the content meaning. Implications as well as suggestions for editors and writers for reducing errors are discussed.T he children sit all in a row. The first child leans over and, as fast as possible, whispers something in the ear of the next child, and then says, "Pass it on!" The second child leans over and, as fast as possible, whispers what 'he or she thinks the message is to the next child, ending with "Pass it on!" The sequence continues until the last child announces the message, and all the children dissolve into giggles over the changes the message has undergone. As young as they are, veteran players know that the longer the line and the faster the whispers, the more chances the message has of becoming garbled, and the funnier the game becomes.The hilarity of the game does not carry over into the realm of research writing, however. The research process requires the researcher to seek out what is already known, synthesize that knowledge, add to it, and "pass it on." No longer, then, are garbled messages the preferred outcome; they are counterproductive, if not destructive.Rules for proper use of direct quotations are included in most researchand writing texts (cf. rules require quotations to be accurate not only in wording, spelling, and internal punctuation but also in meaning and tone. Although the rules may be uniform and ubiquitous, apparently their application is not.De Lacey, Record, and Wade (1985) reported on six medical journals from which they had randomly selected 300 citations and references for verification against the original. They reported errors in 15% of the citations. In response to the de Lacey et al. article, Lowry (1985) reported an even higher error rate (25% inaccurate and another 25% slightly inaccurate) in citations in letters received in one month by the British Medical Journal. A total of 33% of the letters printed in that month by the journal were either slightly inaccurate or inaccurate. Both Glass (1983) and Relman (1983) expressed concern that the letters published by journals were not submitted to the same reviewer scrutiny as were the journal articles. Their concerns were based on the increasing use of letters to present new scientific information rather than to comment on materials already published.

A survey of actual counselor education position changes between 197 1-1986 revealed high turnover but decreasing volatility. Estimates for 1987-1992 suggest both less turnover and volatility.Much discussion has appeared in the higher education literature about the aging of higher education faculties and difficulties experienced by entry-level people in getting an initial faculty appointment (Abel, 1984). Financial difficulties resulting in part from a combination of falling enrollments, increasing costs, and persistent problems in the national economy have brought on pressures for program reductions in higher education. These reductions are often carried out through programs for early retirement, which seem to be on the increase in the mid-1980s (Power, 1987).More recently, Bowen and Schuster (1985) concluded that higher education may be facing an opposite pressure very soon-a severe undersupply of qualified persons. Bowen and Schuster projected departures at 4% per year for the next 25 years.Whereas faculty mobility between institutions apparently is less today than in the two decades after World War 11, departures to industry seem to have increased (Bowen & Schuster, 1985;Daniels, Shane, & Wall, 1984; Smith, 1982). These departures are often attributed to actual or anticipated financial gains. Weiler (1 985), however, discovered that alArden White is a professor of counselor education at the University of Wyoming, Laramie. Nelda Rae Hernandez is a graduate student in counselor education at the University of Wyoming. 80

Reference lists from three major counseling journals spanning the years 1952 through 1988 were analyzed for reference citations. Citations gradually became more numerous and came from increasingly diverse sources. About one‐half of all citations referred to journal articles. Analysis of the differences among the three journals' citations suggests that each journal fills a special niche while contributing to the communality of the field.