We aimed to investigate the association between chronic exposure to benzene and genotoxicity in the lymphocytes of workers removed from exposure. The study included 20 workers with hematological disorders who had previously worked in the petrochemical industry of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; 16 workers without occupational exposure to benzene served as the control group. Chromosomal analysis was performed on lymphocytes from peripheral blood, to assess chromosomal breaks and gaps and to identify aneuploidy. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the mean values between two groups, and Student's t test for comparison of two independent means. The frequency of gaps was statistically higher in and the exposed group than in the controls (2.13 ± 2.86 vs. 0.97 ± 1.27, p = 0.001). The frequency of chromosomal breaks was significantly higher among cases (0.21 ± 0.58) than among controls (0.12 ± 0.4) (p = 0.0002). An association was observed between chromosomal gaps and breaks and occupational exposure to benzene. Our study showed that even when removed from exposure for several years, workers still demonstrated genotoxic damage. Studies are still needed to clarify the long-term genotoxic potential of benzene after removal from exposure.
J Bras Patol Med Lab • v. 41 • n. 5 • p. 297-9 • outubro 2005 y unitermos key words resumo Um estudo de casos e controles, aninhado num estudo de coorte, investigou a associação entre efeitos genotóxicos e alteração de enzimas hepáticas em trabalhadores de uma refinaria de petróleo do Nordeste. Foram examinados todos os dez novos casos de alterações de enzimas hepáticas -gamaglutamil transferase (GGT) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) -ocorridos em 2002. Dez trabalhadores sem alterações de GGT ou ALT foram selecionados como controles. Os efeitos do fumo, sexo, idade e consumo de café foram controlados. O efeito genotóxico foi avaliado pela técnica de trocas entre cromátides irmãs (TCI) e alterações cromossômicas (AC) estruturais. As médias de TCI por célula (3,92 ± 1,04 versus 4,25 ± 1,47) e de ACE (8,85 ± 3,4 versus 9,1 ± 3,7) não diferiram de forma significante entre casos e controles respectivamente. Exposição ocupacional Refinarias de petróleo Troca entre cromátides irmãs (TCI) Alterações cromossômicas (AC) Gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) Alanina aminotransferase (ALT)abstract A case-control study, nested in a cohort study, investigated the association between genotoxic effects and hepatic enzymes alterations among workers in a petroleum refinery, Northeast Brazil. Ten cases of hepatic enzymes alterations -gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) -representing all incident cases occurring in the refinery during 2002, were examined. Ten workers without GGT and ALT alterations were selected as controls. The effects of smoking, sex, age and coffee consumption were controlled. The genotoxic effects were evaluated by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and by the chromosomal aberrations (CA) techniques. Mean SCE per cell (3.92 ± 1.04 versus 4.25 ± 1.47) and CA per cell (8.85 ± 3.4 versus 9.1 ± 3.7) did not differ significantly between cases and controls respectively. Occupational exposure Petroleum refinery Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) Chromosome aberrations (CA) Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)Primeira submissão em 04/11/04 Última submissão em 29/07/05 Aceito para publicação em 04/08/05 Publicado em 20/10/05 ARTIGO ORIGINAL ORIGINAL PAPER IntroduçãoPetróleo e produtos petroquímicos são importantes poluentes ambientais, contendo uma complexa mistura de várias substâncias (benzeno, tolueno, óxido de etileno etc.) que podem causar lesões no material genético e potencialmente desencadear processos carcinogênicos em seres humanos (8) . Assim, trabalhadores de centros de distribuição de petróleo, expostos a níveis relativamente altos de vapores de combustíveis, apresentam maiores índices de trocas entre cromátides irmãs (TCI) e de alterações cromossômicas (AC) em linfócitos de sangue periférico do que trabalhadores não-expostos (4) .A exposição prolongada a processos de tratamento de efluentes de uma grande indústria petroquímica foi
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