Toda sociedad requiere expandir y diversificar su capacidad productiva. El desafío de las naciones y sus gobiernos es lograr incrementos significativos de los ingresos (renta per cápita) y de las formas de vida de los individuos. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar cuenta de los aspectos teóricos que han determinado el tránsito desde los modelos exógenos a los endógenos. Para eso se desarrolló una investigación bibliográfica, empleando un corpus basado en los principales economistas que han abordado el tema. Se encuentran como algunos resultados que desde mediados de 1940 se han desarrollado toda una serie de modelos conocidos como de crecimiento exógeno, con el capital y el trabajo como variables principales (Solow, 1956). Sin embargo, se determinó que existe otro factor que ese modelo no recogía explícitamente, los desarrollos posteriores al modelo de Solow (1956) fueron y son un esfuerzo para endogeneizar ese tercer factor. Se concluye, que los modelos posteriores a Solow (1956), en especial los de Lucas (1988), Rebelo (1991) y Romer (1986), representaron avances significativos en cubrir las falencias de los modelos exógenos, pero basados en tasas de ahorro estables.
Latin America and especially Ecuador are considered territories with great prospects for economic growth. However, economic growth since they became republics is far from satisfactory. For this reason, classical, neoclassical, Keynesian political economy, Latin American thinkers and even neo-institutionalism have proposed a whole series of causes of economic growth. However, most of the proposals either tend more towards the search for macroeconomic balance by departing from the context or, on the contrary. The objective of this work is to combine institutional and economic aspects from the theory of capital seen as an intertemporal process. A bibliographical research was carried out showing the Austrian institutional vision and its contribution to the macroeconomics of the intertemporal structure of capital. The most important result is that political instability in Latin America chronically affects growth and its quality. It is concluded that political processes in Latin America have chronically affected the timeless structure of capital where the production of superior goods has given preference to first-order goods, thereby affecting both long-term growth and economic diversification.
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