ABSTRAKProduk pascapanen sayuran seperti sawi hijau mengalami kemunduran kualitas yang dicirikan oleh terjadinya proses pelayuan yang cepat, untuk mempertahankan mutu selama penyimpanan perlu pengemasan dan penyimpanan yang tepat. . Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menentukan jenis plastik dan jumlah lubang perforasi terbaik dalam pengemasan sawi hijau yang dapat memperpanjang umur simpannya. Sawi hijau dikemas dalam plastik LDPE, PP, dan stretch film. Masing-masing jenis plastik kemudian dilubangi sebanyak 2, 4, dan 6 dengan pelubang kertas, serta tanpa lubang. Seluruh perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dan selanjutnya disimpan dalam lemari pendingin dengan suhu 5 o C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plastik LDPE merupakan kemasan terbaik yang mampu mempertahankan kadar air, susut bobot, dan vitamin C pada sawi hijau selama penyimpanan, sedangkan plastik PP merupakan kemasan terbaik yang mampu mempertahankan TPT sawi hijau. Jumlah lubang perforasi hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap TPT sawi hijau pada hari ke-6 penyimpanan. Berdasarkan uji indeks efektifitas, perlakuan terbaik dalam penelitian ini adalah kemasan plastik LDPE dengan 4 lubang perforasi Kata kunci: sawi, kemasan perforasi, LDPE, PP, stretch film ABSTRACT Renny Anggraini, Nelsy Dian Permatasari. 2017. Effect of Perforation and Types of Plastic Packaging on Pak Choy (Brassica juncea L.) Shelf Life. Fresh chinese vegetables deteriorate rapidly after harvest. Packaging and storage are important ways to maintain quality and extend shelf life during storage. This study aimed to determine the best plastic packaging and perforation to extend shelf life of chinese vegetables. Chinese vegetables were packaged by LDPE, PP, and stretch film. Each packaging was perforated for 2, 4, and 6 holes, and 1 treatment was not perforated at all. All treatments were replicated 3 times, and stored in a referigerator with 5 o C temperature. The results showed that the LDPE plastic was the best packaging that could maintain moisture content, minimal weight loss, and vitamin C of chinese vegetables during storage, while polypropylene was the best packaging that maintain total soluble solid. Treatment of perforation on the packaging only effected the total soluble solid of chinese vegetable on the sixth day of storage at ambient temperature. However, the best treatment produced by effectiveness index test was the treatment of LDPE as plastic packaging with 4 perforations.

Bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance are popular issues nowadays. Several previous reports performed antibacterial screening activities involving natural herbs and synthetic drugs. Alanine racemase and transglycosylase are essential proteins for peptidoglycan membrane synthesis in bacteria and an alternative target for antibacterial performance. This study identified six flavonoid compounds in Syzygium myrtifolium to perform the antibacterial activity. In silico study was conducted for modelling flavonoids – protein complexes. Five flavonoids from S. myrtifolium were taken out of the canonical smiles from the PubChem database and modelled three-dimensional structure using ChemDraw and molView. Targeted protein, alanine racemase and transglycosylase were downloaded from Protein Data Bank with ID 4WR3 and 1SLY. Ligands and proteins were interacted by Molegro virtual Docker 5.0 and visualized by Discovery studio version 21.1.1. Five flavonoids showed inhibition with alanine racemase and transglycosylase in the same active sites of control and sodium benzoate. According to the binding energy, calopiptin performed the lowest binding energy value in alanine racemase complexes, while 2-Propanone, 1,3-bis(5-nitro-2-furanyl) showed the lowest value of four other flavonoids at transglycosylase complexes. The type of interactions were electrostatic, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and unfavorable ones. Low binding energy and varied interaction types indicated tight of ligand-protein interaction. In summary, five flavonoids inhibited alanine racemase and transglycosylase, and the peptidoglycane membrane synthesis in bacteria might be inferred. Keywords: Alanine racemase, Flavonoids, In silico, Transglycosylase

Persicaria odorata (Synonym of Polygonatum odoratum and Polygonum minus) leaves, locally known as Kesum leaves, is one of Indonesia's biodiversity species, particularly on Kalimantan Island, and it is contained a high concentration of essential oils. The extraction of essential oil from Kesum leaves commonly uses various methods, including solvent extraction, steam distillation, hydro-distillation, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and so on, with various extract characteristics produced. Several studies reported that Kesum leaves essential oil has numerous advantages, including anti-bacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant properties, and so on. Future research will require additional and new techniques, particularly non-thermal extraction technology and other bioactivity tests, to improve yield and maintain the essential oil composition of Kesum leaves.

West Kalimantan is one of the largest durian fruit producers on Kalimantan Island and had the highest production of durian seed as a by-product. Durian seed flour is a simple way to utilize durian seed for further processing. However, the characterization of durian flour, both chemical and structural properties of durian seed flour from West Kalimantan, is rarely explored. This study characterized durian seed flour (DSF) from west Kalimantan in the chemical and structural properties compared with the commercial durian seed flour (CDSF). DSF performed significantly differently in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber than CDSF, meanwhile ash, moisture, and starch content of DSF and CDSF were not significantly different from each other. The CDSF had a larger particle size than DSF, ranging from 11.27 to 308.80 μm and 5.43 to 121.60 μm, respectively. The DSF had the Tp (gelatinization peak temperature) higher than the CDSF based on DSC analysis.