Background:Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a state of extremely increased oxidative stress. Hence, research and test of role and significance of oxidative stress in hypertensive disturbance in pregnancy is very important.Aim:Aims of this research were to determine a level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as oxidative stress marker in blood of pregnant woman with pregnancy induced hypertension and to analyze correlation of TBARS values with blood pressure values in pregnancy induced hypertensive pregnant women.Patients and methods:Research has been performed at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre in the Republic of Srpska. It covered 100 pregnant women with hypertension and 100 healthy pregnant women of gestation period from 28 to 40 weeks. Level of TBARS is determined as an equivalent of malondialdehyde standard, in accordance with recommendations by producer (Oxi Select TBARS Analisa Kit).Results:Pregnancy induced hypertension is a state of extremely increased oxidative stress. All pregnant women experiencing hypertension had increased TBARS values in medium value interval over 20 µmol, 66%, whereas in group of healthy pregnant women, only 1% experienced increased TBARS value. Pregnant women with difficult preeclampsia (32%) had high TBARS values, over 40 µmol, and with mild PIH, only 4.9% pregnant women.Conclusion:Pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension have extremely increased degree of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. TBARS values are in positive correlation with blood pressure values, respectively the highest TBARS value were present in pregnant women with the highest blood pressure values.

Objective:The aim of this work is to show the importance of the depth of myometrium invasion, tumour size and lymphovascular invasion as prognostic factors in dissemination of lymphatic nodes at endometrial carcinoma (CE).Materials and methods:In the period from 2010 to 2015 at the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Banja Luka, 221 endometrial cancer surgeries were done (laparatomy 184-83%, laparascopy 37-16,74%). Patients who had uterus bleeding in peri/postmenopause or those whose endometrium thickness was bigger than 5 mm which was established by ultrasound, or those who had in their cavum uteri pathological (PH) diagnosis, underwent fractional curettage (FC) or hysteroscopy in order to obtain pathohistological endometrium diagnosis. Substances which were removed by fractional curettage, biopsy or by surgery were sent to patohystological analysis. We analysed the following factors: age (5 groups), histological grade (G) of tumour, depth of myometrial invasion (DIM), whether it is more or less than 50%, the size of the tumour (if it is bigger or smaller than 2 cm), positive or negative lymphovascular invasion (LVI), positive or negative pelvic lymph nodes (PLN).Results:Within histological type the endometrioid type CE 166 (75,11%) was most dominant. Adenocarcinoma of endometrium was present 25 (11,31%), serous CE 11 (4,97%) and clear cell KE 2 (0,90%). Dominant population with CE was over 60 years old 127 (57,46) of female patients. At G3 where DIM was <50% positive PLN were present 2 (3.92%), whereas if DIM was>50%, 6 (26,73%) patients with positive PLN were registred. Tumour size < 2 cm was found with 57 (25,79%) female patients with positive PLN 8 (14,03%), while 164 (74,20%) patients had tumours > 2 cm who had 21 (12,80) PLN metastases. At G1 when tumour was <2 cm, positive PLN had 3 patients (5,88), while when tumour was >2 cm, positive PLN were found at 6 patients (9,69%). At G3 whose size was <2 cm, positive PLN were found at 2 patients (16,66%), but when tumour was >2 cm, PLN metastases were more frequent, 6 (25,00%). Negative LVI was found with 168 patients (76,01%) whose PLN were positive 16 (9,52%), while positive LIV was with 53 patients (23,99%) of whom 14 had PLN metastases (26,41%). At G1 two patients had positive PLN (2,32%) with negative LVI, while with positive LVI, positive PLN were found at 3 patients (11,11%). At G3 having negative LVI positive PLN were found with 6 patients (24,00%), while if LIV was positive, the number of positive PLN were 6 (54,54%).Conclusions:With low risk for lymphatic spread (DIM less than 50%, tumour size smaller than 2 cm and lack of LVI at G1 CE) we also encounter low metastasis rate of PLN. Diagnoses of this kind have an aim to lower the number of pelvic lymphadenectomies. With patients who have a high risk of lymphatic spread (myometrium invasion >50%, tumour size > 2cm, LVI present at G2 and G3) metastasis rate of PLN is high, therefore it is necessary to perform pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy which lowers the mortality rate for more tha...

Epidemiological and experimental data point to involvement of oxygen derived radicals in the pathogenesis of gynecological disorders, as well as in cancer development. The objective of the present study was to examine changes in activities and levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) in blood and endometrial tissue of patients diagnosed with uterine myoma, endometrial polypus, hyperplasia simplex, hyperplasia complex and adenocarcinoma endometrii. The results of our study have shown decreased SOD activities and unchanged SOD protein level in blood of all examined patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Decrease of both SOD activity and level was found in endometrium of patients with hyperplasia simplex, hyperplasia complex and adenocarcinoma in comparison to women with polypus or myoma. LOOH level was elevated in both tissues of patients with hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma in comparison to healthy subjects or patients with benign diagnosis. Our findings suggest that the decrease in SOD activity and level, as well as the increase in LOOH level, in patients with gynecological disorders, render these patients more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). An imbalance in ROS formation and SOD level may be important in the pathogenesis and/or perpetuation of tissue damage in gynecological patients. Since evidence suggests that SOD may be a therapy target for cancer treatment, our findings provide a basis for further research and options for clinical applications.

Introduction:Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), especially preeclampsia, is a state of extremely increased oxidative stress (OS), due to decrease of antioxidant capacity in comparison to normotensive pregnant women. The consequences of increased state of oxidative stress with hypertension disorder in pregnancy are disorder of placental blood flow, intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus and disturbance in transfer of O2 manifested as pathological ultrasound (US) parameters (amount of amniotic fluid and biophysical profile of fetus) and cardiotocography parameters (CTG).Aim:The aim of this research is to analyze correlation of TBARS oxidative stress markers with ultrasound parameters of pregnancy course and cardiotocography parameters in pregnant women with PIH.Patients and methods:Research has been performed at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska. It covered 200 pregnant women, 100 of them with PIH and 100 healthy pregnant women, at gestational age from 28 to 40 weeks. All pregnant women were analyzed for US parameters of pregnancy course and CTG records as well as oxidative stress biomarker, values of Thiobarbituric Acid (TBARS).Results:Pregnant women with PIH had high statistical significant (pre)pathological CTG records and US- biophysical profile, less amount of amniotic fluid and delivered in lower gestation compared to healthy pregnant women. TBARS high values are statistical high significant frequent with pregnant women with PIH, who had pathological and pre-pathological biophysical profile and CTG records, as well as with US less amount of amniotic fluid (p<0.01). The highest TBARS values were presented with PIH pregnant women and US of less amount of amniotic fluid 42.3 µmol.Conclusion:There is statistical strong connection between TBARS values, being used as oxidative stress markers, and diagnostic methods used in PIH diagnostics, ultrasound (amount of amniotic fluid, fetus biophysical profile) and cardiotocography recording. TBARS could also be significant in clinical application for assessment of pregnant women with PIH in order to make decisions on pregnancy termination period.

The authors in their paper show the case with the female patient D.S. 51 years old, which was surgically treated for genital condyloma in 1981, 1986, 1999, 2006 and 2008. Under registration number 3119/2006 was received at Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Banja Luka with the diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum permagnum. Patient suffered from a huge tumorous, cauliflower formation, which was located on the mons pubis, and down to the anus, laterally to the right of the gluteal region to the left thigh. Patient was operated–Vulvectomia simplex cum extirpatio tumoris reg glutealis l dex. We obtained pathohistological findings (no. 4876 / 06) which read: condyloma acuminatum permagnum. After two years patient was rehospitalized at Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in Banja Luka, (registration number 1311/08) with almost identical findings in the same region under the diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum permagnum recidivans, St. post. vulvectomiam simplex et extitpationem tumoris glutealis reg l dex. All preoperative findings – laboratory analysis, X-ray of the lung and heart and ultrasound of the small pelvis were within the reference values. In this paper we describe the location of the tumor and how it is resolved – Extirpatio tumoris reg glutealis l. dex. et perianalis.Pathohistological findings confirmed previous diagnosis. In this paper we highlight our experiences regarding the operations of an unusually large tumors of genital condyloma and recurrent genital condyloma that were almost of the same size. Our experience could be useful to work on the education about sexually transmitted diseases, in order to improve the prevention of the viral diseases (vaccination), the treatment of these illnesses and to disseminate the warning that the regular check-ups with gynecologist are necessary.