Kratak sadr`aj: Dobro je poznata ~injenica da su sport ist kinje sa neredovnim menstrualnim ciklusom izlo`ene riziku od smanjenja ko{tane mineralne gustine i posledi~no osteoporozi. Pra}enje nivoa biohemijskih markera ko {tanog metabolizma omogu}ava razumevanje dina m i ~kih promena tokom procesa remodeliranja kosti. Ciljevi spro vedenog istra`ivanja bili su: utvrditi prevalence men stru alnih poreme}aja na uzorku sportistkinja i kontrolne grupe, kao i odrediti nivoe markera ko{tanog metabolizma u grupama ispitanica sa menstrualnim disfunkcijama. Ispi tanice (n=117) bile su podeljene u dve grupe, ekspe rimentalnu (S) (n=84) podeljenu u tri podgrupe (34 sportistkinje igara sa loptom, 27 atleti~arki i 23 takmi~arke u sportskom plesu) i kontrolnu grupu (C) (n=34). Za odre|ivanje menstrualnog profila i poreme}aja menstrual nog ciklusa kori{}en je upitnik. Odre|en je nivo srednjeg fragmenta osteokalcina (N-MID osteokalcin) kao markera formiranja kosti i b-CrossLaps (b-CTx -marker resorpcije kosti) elektroluminiscentnom imunohemijskom metodom na automatskom aparatu Elecsys 1010. Primarna ame noreja na|ena je kod 7 (8,33%) a oligomenoreja kod 11 (13,09%) sportistkinja, {to je statisti~ki zna~ajno vi{a incidenca u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Vrednosti markera ko{tanog metabo lizma su pokazale statisti~ki zna~ajnu razliku u nivou mar ke ra resorpcije kosti, b-CrossLaps, izme|u grupa ameno rei~ nih i oligomenorei~nih sportistkinja u odnosu na eume no rei ~ne ispitanice, kako sportistkinje tako i kontrolnu grupu. Ubrzanu resorpciju je pratilo i ubrzano formiranje kosti (pove}ane Summary: It is a well known fact that sportswomen with irregular menstrual cycle are exposed to the risk of dimi nished bone mineral density, and consequentially osteoporosis may appear. Monitoring of the levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism enables understanding of the dynamic changes during the bone remodeling process. The objectives of the conducted research were to determine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunctions in a sportswomen sample and a control group, and also to determine the levels of bone metabolism markers in groups of women with menstrual dysfunctions. The women (n=117) were separated into two groups, the experi men tal group (S) (n=84) comprised of three subgroups of sports women (34 women who play ball game sports, 27 athletes and 23 sport dancers) and the control group (C) (n=34). To establish the menstrual profile and dys function of the menstrual cycle, we used a very detailed questionnaire. The level of mid-fragment osteo calcin (N-MID osteocalcin) as a mar ker of bone forma tion was deter mined, as well as b-Cross Laps (bCTx-bone resorption marker) via the electro luminescent immunoche mistry method on an Elecsys 1010 automated machine. Pri mary amenorrhea was found in 7 (8.33%) and oligome norrhea in 11 (13.09%) sportswomen, which was statistically a much higher incidence (p<0.05) than in the control group (0/34). Values of bone metabolism markers showed a sta tistically significant difference in the level of the...

Regular physical activity is important for the health of both sexes. However, the physiological, anatomical, psychological and socio-cultural specificities of women require special considerations in all aspects of their sports. Puberty brings gender differences that result from different sexual functioning of endocrine axis. Despite the identical mechanisms of adaptation to physical activity, sexually mature women and men have inherited anatomical and physiological differences in body composition, aerobic capacity-building and muscle strength. In particular, it relates to the more complex female reproductive system. The female reproductive system is a functional part of the human body most sensitive to stress caused by heavy physical exertion. The most common disorders whose risk was significantly increased in physically active women are eating disorder, disturbed menstrual cycle, infertility, intimidated fractures, rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, or even death. Mainly those are result of blunders and ignorance. Fortunately, they are largely preventable

Background/Aim: Bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) represents a novel generation of intracoronary devices designed to be fully resorbed after healing of the stented lesion, delivering antiproliferative drug to suppress restenosis, providing adequate diameter of the coronary vessel and preserving the vascular endothelial function. It was supposed that BVS will reduce neointimal proliferation and that their late bioresorption will reduce the negative effects of traditional drug-eluting stents, including the late stent thrombosis, local vessel wall inflammation, loss of coronary vasoreactivity and the need for the long-term dual antiplatelet therapy. The purpose of this research was to investigate efficacy and safety of Absorb everolimus-eluting BVS implantation and the prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at the mid-term follow-up. Methods: The study encompassed 42 patients selected for BVS implantation and fulfilling inclusion criteria - 37 male and 5 female - admitted to the Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia over the one-year period (from January 2015 to January 2016) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary vessel patency before and after stenting was assessed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow (TIMI) grades. After the index PCI procedure with BVS all patients were clinically followed by regular (prescheduled or event-driven) visits during the next 12-month period. Results: In the intention-to-treat analysis, all Absorb BVS procedures were successful, without the need for conversion to other treatment modalities. The complete reperfusion (TIMI flow grade 3) after the intervention was established in 97.6 % of patients and 100 % of them achieved the TIMI flow grade ≥ 2. The presence of angina pectoris was reduced significantly by the BVS procedure: stable angina 57.1 % to 11.9 %, (p < 0.001) and unstable angina 31 % to 0 %, respectively (p < 0.001). After the one-year follow-up, the MACE rate was 11.9 %. Myocardial infarction occurred in 4.8 % and the need for PCI reintervention in 2.4 % of cases (not influenced by the gender or the age of patients). There were 4 cases of death (all patients were older and had lower values of left ventricular ejection fraction). Conclusion: The results of the current research demonstrated a high interventional success rate of the Absorb BVS implantation, followed by the early improvement of the anginal status. However, that was not translated into the favourable mid-term clinical outcomes, opening debate about the current status of Absorb BVS and the need for future refinements of stent design and implantation techniques.

Introduction: Bone formation marker osteocalcin (OC) and bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) can be used to detect or to monitor the early responses of the skeleton to physical activity. Literature suggests that it is likely that higher body mass index (BMI) has positive effect on bones and can postpone onset of osteoporosis.Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to:1.Determine the effect of aerobic physical acitivity on OC and CTX in young women2.Investigate correlation of OC, CTX and BMI in young women engaged into structured aerobic excerciseMaterial and methods: Study included 64 healthy young women, aged 19 to 25 years, devided into two groups: intervention group (n=32) and control group (n=32). The study duration was six weeks with follow-up period of four weeks. The intervention group underwent structured aerobic physical activity program for six weeks, but the control group did not receive such program. Level of OC, CTX and BMI were measured at baseline, after 6-week aerobic program, and after 4-week follow up (only intervention group).Results: There was significant increase of OC level after 6-week aerobic program, while level of CTX did not changed. OC level was at its maximum immediately after finishing the program in the participants with normal BMI (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant interaction of BMI and CTX level.Conclusion: Aerobic physical activity increases level of osteocalcin, suggesting that it has positive influence on bone formation in young women, primarily in women with normal BMI.

Uvod. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se odrede koncentracijemarkera koštanog metabolizma (srednji fragment osteokalcina iβ-CrossLaps) u serumu sportistkinja koje se bave različitim sportovima,kao i njihova povezanost sa vrstom sporta, sedmičnimfizičkim opterećenjem i indeksom tjelesne mase.Metode. Od ukupno 111 ispitanica 78 su bile elitne sportistkinjedok su kontrolnu grupu činile 33 studentkinje medicinskog fakultetaslične dobi. Iz studije su isključene sportistkinje sa bilo kojomvrstom menstrualne neregularnosti (N = 18). Tako je uzorak činilo27 sportistkinja koje se bave sportovima igara sa loptom, 11 atletičarkii 22 sportistkinje koje se bave plesom.Rezultati. Sportistkinje iz grupe igara sa loptom imale suznačajno veći indeks tjelesne mase i značajno duži sportskistaž u odnosu na druge dvije grupe, dok su sportistkinje izgrupe plesa imale i značajno najmanje sedmično fizičko opterećenje.Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u vrijednostimakoštanih markera osteokalcina (49,55 ± 16,83 vs. 36,13± 7,26; p = 0,001) i β-CrossLaps (0,75 ± 0,25 vs. 0,53 ± 0,14;p= 0,001) između sportistkinja i ispitanica kontrolne grupe. Sportistkinjekoje se bave igrama sa loptom su imale veći osteogeni efekatu odnosu na one koje se bave atletikom i plesom (p < 0,05).Pokazana je značajna povezanosti između sedmičnog fizičkog opterećenjai indeksa tjelense mase sa vrijednostima koštanih markera.Zaključak. Hronična fizička aktivnost ispoljava osteogeni efekatšto potvrđuje koncentracija serumskog osteokalcina koji je značajnopovezan sa sedmičnim fizičkim opterećenjem.