An important pest in corn plantation recently reported in Indonesia was Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest that have a fast spread rate and caused high damage on young corn. One control that able to use is botanical insecticide. This experiment aims to determine the toxicity of neem, jatropha, clove, and citronella oil (concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05%) against S. frugiferda in corn. Tests carried out using the feeding assay or residue on corn leaves (size 5 x 5 cm). Then, the leaf treatment was given to 10 larvae of S. frugiferda (instars 2) for 48 hours. After that, the feed replaced with untreated feed. The test results showed that concentration neem oil of 0.1% caused the highest mortality of S. frugiferda. Neem oil exposure is also able to inhibit the time of larval development, reduce the percentage of feed consumption, and the weight of pupa the S. frugiferda. Other vegetable oils exposure gave lower mortality in the test insects and some treatments were not significantly different from the controls on the parameters of larval development, pupae weight, and percentage of feed consumption. Neem oils showed strong toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae with  Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of 0.079 % (CI (95%) 0.066 – 0.095%) and LC95 of 0.338% (CI (95%) 0.024-0.567%).

This study aims to evaluate the bioactivity of the formulation of Neem 50 EC  against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae in the laboratory. The study using six treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of the formulation of neem 50 EC at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.3%, and control. The treatment was done by leaf feeding method and tested on C. pavonana instar II. The results of the research showed that the formulation of neem 50 EC at concentration of 2.3% caused mortality of C. pavonana larvae with mortality rate of 95% and has LC50 value aqual to 0.83%. Neem formulation can inhibit the development of C. pavonana larvae from instar I to instar IV, decrease food consumption, and decrease the dry weight of C. pavonana larvae instar IV.Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Bioactivity, Crocidolomia pavonana, neem formulation

This study aims to monitor and determine the level of resistance of N. lugens to fenobucarb and imidacloprid, to analyse of the specific activities of asetylcholinesterase, Glutation S-Transferase, esterase, and to determine sensitivity of resistant N. lugens to the neem oil. Resistance tests were conducted on a field population from Cipunagara, Subang, West Java, Indonesia, and a standard population originating from Banyuwangi, East Java, that was obtained from the Indonesian Center for Rice Research. Synthetic and neem Insecticides were applied using the leaf-stem dipping method. The resistance ratio obtained by comparing the LC50 value of the field population with the standard. The test insects were considered to be resistant to synthetic insecticide if they had a resistance ratio (RR) of more than 4, indicated resistance if RR ≥1, and susceptible to neem if has RR <1. The results of the research showed that the N. lugens population of Cipunagara indicated resistance to fenobucarb (RR = 2.43), while it was clearly resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 13.95). Specific activities of the acetylcholinesterase and Glutathione S-Transferase of the N. lugens Cipunagara populations were higher than the standard, while the esterase specific activity was lower. These two enzymes are responsible for the resistance of N. lugens to fenobucarb and imidacloprid. Nevertheless, the N. lugens population of Cipunagara was susceptible to neem (RR <1) that never been reported before. Therefore, it is important to know the change in the sensitivity of the target and the metabolic pathway of the insecticide used to manage insect resistance.

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and storage time of neem formulation and residual test of neem formulation and bitung formulation to its toxicity on C. pavonana larvae. The formulations tested on the storability and temperature test using the newly prepared, neem formula has been stored for 19 months at room temperature 24.6-31,7 C, and stored in low temperature (4 degree Celsius) as well as controls. The toxicity of the neem oil formulation was tested at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Residual testing was performed by spraying and the residual test samples were taken on days 0,1,2,3,5,7,9,11, and 13 days after application of insecticide spraying. The results showed that storage at low temperatures (temperature 4 degree Celsius) for 19 months can maintain the toxicity of the neem formulation to C. pavonana larvae. while storage at room temperature for 19 months resulted in a decreased toxicity. The residual activity of the neem formulations of concentration 0.8% and 2.4% ceased to cause the death C. pavonana larvae at the residual age of 13.34 days and 14.66 days. The activity of Bitung formulation concentration of 1.1% and 2.8% ceased to causing death C. pavonana larvae at the residual age of 11.33 days and 16.26 days.Keyword: Azadirachta indica, Baringtonia asiatica, Crocidolomia pavonana, Residue test, Storability test, Temperatures, Toxicity.

Brown Planthopper is one of the pests that cause problems in rice production. This study was conducted to know the tendency of using a kind of insecticide and to examined the susceptibility of brown planthopper from field population (Cipunagara, West Java) compared to standard population (Banyuwangi, East Java) to formulation insecticide of neem oil 50 EC. Observations were conducted on Cipunagara farmers to find out the kind of insecticide used and the number of insecticide applications in one season. the susceptibility test to neem oil 50 EC formulation was conducted by root dipping method. Brown planthopper was feed on treated plant for two days and then the next day the Brown Planthopper was fed on rice plant without treatment until the eighth day. Test insects used are brown planthopper instar 4 th. Observations of insect mortality test for ten days with an interval of every 24-hour observation. Susceptibility values for neem oil insecticide formulations were determined based on the resistance ratio (RR) by comparing the LC 50 value of the field population and standard population. Result of the observations showed that the farmers in the Padamulya village, Cipunagara district generally using synthetic insecticides to control of this pest. The active ingredient of most mentioned was imidacloprid with a lot of different applications. The result of examination of insecticide formulation of neem oil 50 EC using the root dipping method showed that a slow death trend and the highest mortality at eight days after application. The LC 50 value of neem oil 50 EC insecticide against brown planthopper in the field population (Cipunagara) was 0.36% and RR 0.98. The result indicated that brown planthopper origin from Cipunagara was still susceptible to neem oil 50 EC insecticide formulation.