La recherche sur la Grèce ancienne s’est peu préoccupée de l’artisanat du fer et de ses procédés de production. Même si plusieurs études pionnières ont été réalisées, aussi bien sur les textes que sur des données archéologiques limitées, tout reste pratiquement à faire. Si les objets en fer apparaissent dans l’Égée dès le II e millénaire, les débuts de la métallurgie du fer posent de nombreuses questions, tant pour leur date que pour les conditions matérielles et culturelles de son évolution. De nombreuses régions de Grèce sont riches en matières premières mais les vestiges archéométallurgiques montrent pour l’instant deux grandes zones pionnières : d’une part le nord de l’Égée, surtout Thasos, et, d’autre part, le Péloponnèse (Laconie, Argolide etc.). Le rôle majeur du fer laconien semble confirmé par l’archéométallurgie, tandis que la question des échanges de matières premières reste cruciale. Nous espérons qu’un premier tableau, à partir des éléments connus par les travaux en cours, pourra stimuler le développement de nouvelles recherches.
When alloy composition information is sought across a single large artefact assemblage, how well do handheld methods solve the problem of museum environments which restrict the movement of artefacts and destructive sampling, and which have limited in‐house technical resources? The usefulness of relatively low‐cost handheld analytical instruments still needs evaluating in such arenas. The potential advantages which handheld laser‐induced breakdown spectrometry (HH‐LIBS), with its affordability, speed and micro‐destructive corrosion‐penetrating ability, might offer over handheld X‐ray fluorescence (HH‐XRF)/portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) in large intra‐assemblage comparisons of broad copper alloy composition were examined and reported on by the present study (tin and lead being the elements of interest). The context was an archaeological study in a major Greek museum, aimed at exploring the social and economic significance of alloying choice at a single large representative site of the Bronze–Iron transition, c.1200 bc. Archaeological interpretations are presented in another paper, with the alloying patterns/choices identified only being outlined in the present paper. The results of the methods comparison described suggest that HH‐LIBS has potential, but that HH‐XRF, despite its variable limitations in relation to penetrating corrosion (discussed here), is still the most reliable method for work in such circumstances.
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