The aim of this study was to evaluate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, lipid parameters, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), c peptide and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) values in pregnant women at high-risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, we included pregnant women at high-risk for GDM who attended the endocrinology and metabolic diseases outpatient clinics at İzmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital between January 2013 and April 2013. Twenty pregnant women with GDM and eleven without GDM participated in the study. The dependent variable in the study was GDM that was evaluated by 75 mg oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Independent variables were the levels of glucose, A1C, insulin, c-peptide, GLP-1, TSH, and lipid parameters, all evaluated in fasting blood samples. Besides, glucose, insulin, c-peptide, GLP-1 levels during OGTT were also evaluated in blood samples collected at 60 and 120 minutes. Results: While fasting insulin levels were statistically significantly higher among women with GDM, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels at 60 and 120 minutes between the two groups. There was no significant difference in fasting c-peptide levels and c-peptide levels at 60 minutes during OGTT between the two groups, however, c-peptide levels at 120 minutes were higher in women with GDM. The women with GDM was found to have lower fasting GLP-1 levels than women without GDM. Although it was not significant, GLP-1 levels at 60 and 120 minutes were also lower among women with GDM. Discussion: A decrease in GLP-1 levels may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bu çalışmada tip 1 diyabetli çocukların fiziksel veya sportif aktivitelere katılım durumları ile cinsiyet, yaşanılan şehir, ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi ve glikolize hemoglobin (HbA1c) düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada tip 1 diyabetli hastaların ebeveynlerine yönelik web tabanlı anket formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu Ankara, İstanbul, İzmir ve Trabzon'da yaşayan tip 1 diyabetli çocuğa sahip toplam 173 ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler frekans ve yüzde olarak sunulmuştur. Kategorik değişkenler Ki Kare yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Rekreatif amaçlı fiziksel aktivite yapan çocukların oranı (%78) yüksek bulundu.. Herhangi bir spor dalıyla lisanslı olarak ilgilenen çocukların oranının ise (%32.4) düşük olduğu saptandı. Cinsiyet ile fiziksel aktivite yapma arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı tespit edildi (p > .05). Cinsiyet ile lisanslı olarak spor yapma arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptandı (p < .05). Ebeveyn eğitim düzeyleri ile fiziksel veya sportif aktiviteye katılım değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı tespit edildi (p > .05). Yaşanılan şehir ile düzenli olarak fiziksel aktivitelere katılım arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptandı. (p < .05). HbA1c değerleri ile fiziksel aktivite yapma sıklıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı tespit edildi (p > .05). Sonuç: Araştırmada tip 1 diyabetlilerin büyük çoğunluğunun rekreatif amaçlı fiziksel aktiviteye katıldığı, lisanslı olarak herhangi bir spor dalıyla ilgilenenlerin oranın ise oldukça düşük olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

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Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between contact styles and self-esteem of people with obesity.Methods: This relational and descriptive study was conducted in 2015 with 322 persons with obesity that were followed in endocrinology clinics of two hospitals at İzmir and agreed to participate. The Introductory Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Revised Form of Gestalt Contact Styles Scale (GCSS-RF) were used.Results: Mean age of the people with obesity was 46.18 ± 11.89. 84.2% were female. Their mean RSES score was 1.48 ± 0.26. Mean GCSS-RF sub-dimension scores were: confluence 2.63 ± 0.45 (min=1, max=3.92); deflection 3.13 ± 0.69 (min=1.38, max=4.69); contact 2.71 ± 0.60 (min=1, max=4.45); emotional desensitization 2.78 ± 0.62 (min=1, max=4.83); retroflection 2.96 ± 0.75 (min=1.22, max=6.67). An inverse relationship was found between the mean scores of retroflection (r=-0.52, p<0.01), contact (r=-0.12, p<0.01), deflection (r=-0.50, p<0.01), confluence (r=-0.21, p<0.01), and self-esteem. No relationship was found between these sub-dimensions and emotional desensitization (r=0.07, p>0.05). Conclusion:Self-esteem of people with obesity is lower than the moderate level. Individuals use confluence, deflection, contact, emotional desensitization, and retroflection respectively. Participants who use these subdimensions, except for emotional desensitization, have negative self-esteem.

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