This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Ecballium Elaterium (E.E) that is topically applied for treatment of rhinosinusitis as a traditional medicine. Pure and extract forms of E.E are applied to the nasal cavity of rats for rhinosinusitis. Nasal mucosa, soft palate and trachea of rats were harvested in the first hour, 3rd day and 3rd week for histopathological evaluation. This experimental study revealed antiinflammatory effects of E.E. It has also been shown that E.E reduced fibrosis. The antiinflammatory effect of all forms of E.E has been found to be at their maximum level in the 3rd day with a decreasing manner to 3rd week. Additionally, pure form of E.E caused severe epithelial loss in hyperacute stage. E.E also reduced fibrosis besides its antiinflammatory effect. The action mechanism of antiinflammatory effect of different levels of extract forms need to be further analysed through related enzymatic pathways by different dose and time studies.

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Cholesteatoma in the urinary system is a rarely seen benign condition. Rosina firstly defined this condition in the year 1953. Histopathologically it is characterized with keratinization, and squamous metaplasia of urothelial epithelium associated with desquamation of keratinized layers. Flank pain is the most common symptom that is caused by elimination of keratinous material. In our case we will discuss cholesteatoma developed in an ectopic kidney which has not been described in the literature before.