A high resistance against first-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin, amoxycillin-clavulanate and TMP-SMX which are the first-line antibiotics in childhood urinary tract infections was found. Carbapenem (meropenem, imipenem) resistance was not found in our center. Nitrofurantoin, aminoglycosides and cefixime can be recommended for empirical treatment in our hospital because of low resistance. Antibiotic treatment should be redecided according to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity results.

ÖzetAmaç: En sık doktora veya sağlık kuruluşuna başvuru sebeplerinden birisi akut tonsillofarenjittir. Grup A streptokoklar (GAS), tüm tonsillofarenjit vakalarının %15-36'sından sorumludur. Hızlı antijen tarama testi ve boğaz kültürü hastalığın tanısal testleridir. Biz çalışmamızda hızlı antijen tarama testi ve boğaz kültürünün pozitiflik oranlarını; hızlı antijen tarama testinin duyarlılık ve özgüllük oranlarını saptamayı amaçladık. Gereç veYöntemler: Nisan 2008-Mart 2013 tarihleri arasında 6310 boğaz kültürü ve 4124 hızlı antijen tarama testi çalışılmıştır. Hastaların boğazlarından iki sürüntü örneği alınmıştır. İlk sürüntü, Ecotest ® strep A hızlı test kiti (Wellkang, İngiltere) veya SD ® hızlı test kit (Standard Diagnostic, Kore) kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Boğaz kültürleri %5 koyun kanlı agarına ekilmiştir. Bulgular: Beş yıllık süreçte 434 (%10,5) hastada hızlı antigen testi pozitif bulunurken, 266 (%4,2) hastada boğaz kültüründe Grup A streptokok üremesi olmuştur. Toplam 2163 hastada boğaz kültürü ve hızlı antijen tarama testi birlikte çalışılmıştır. Sonuç: Hızlı antijen tarama testinin duyarlılığı %68,1 ve özgüllüğü %92,2 bulunmuştur. Pozitif ve negatif prediktif (tahmini) değerleri sırasıyla %36,4 ve %97,8 bulunmuştur. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 143-6) Anahtar kelimeler: Grup A streptokok, tonsillofarenjit, çocuklar, hızlı antijen tarama testi AbstractObjective: Acute tonsillopharyngitis is one of the most common reasons for doctor visits and medical care demand, and Group A streptococcus (GAS) is responsible for 15% to 36% of cases. Available diagnostic tests include throat culture and rapid antigen detection testing. We aim to detect the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid antigen detection test in Group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, ratio of positive throat culture and rapid antigen detection tests. Material and Methods: From April 2008 through March 2013, 6310 throat cultures and 4124 rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) were tested for GAS. The throat culture samples were taken with two swabs and the samples processed using the Ecotest strep A Rapid Test Device (Wellkang, UK) or SD rapid test kit (Standard Diagnostic, Korea). The samples of the patients for throat culture were cultivated in 5% sheep blood agar. Results: In five years, RADT was detected positive in 434 (10.5%) patients, 266 (4.2%) throat cultures were positive for GAS. In the five year period, 2163 tests worked simultaneously for RADT and throat culture. Conclusion: Sensitivity and specificity of our RADT test was 68.1% and 92.2% respectively. Positive and Negative Predictive Value of RADT was 36.4% and 97.8% respectively. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 143-6)

ÖZETAmaç: Sağlıklı bebeklerin 48 saat izlendikten sonra taburcu edilmeleri uygun olur. Son yıllarda bebeklerin erken taburcu edilmeleri şeklinde bir eğilim vardır. Araştırmamızda son bir yıl içinde doğum yapmış anne ve bebeklerinin demografi k özelliklerini, ilk idrar ve mekonyum saatlerini, taburculuk zamanlarını, ilk gün ve ilk hafta içindeki vücut ağırlığı değişimle-rini, hastaneye tekrar yatış oran ve nedenlerini sorgulamayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Hastane otomasyon sistemi, hasta dosyaları ve doğum defterleri geriye dönük tarandı. ABSTRACTObjective: Healthy newborns must stay at hospital 48 hours before discharge. During recent years there is a tendency for early newborn discharge. We studied the demographics of mothers and babies, fi rst day of healthy newborns, early hospital discharge and causes of readmission to hospital. Material and Methods:Hospital computer records, patients' documents and birth entries were scanned retrospectively.Results: Mothers had a mean age of 27.95±5.30 years old, gestational age of babies was 38.67±1.23 weeks. Cesarean section (C/S) was the delivery method for 84.6% of mothers. Recurrent C/S was the most common (38.8%) reason for C/S. During fi rst day, mean weight loss of babies was 104.41±54.59 grams. Percentage of weight loss was 3.14±1.57. Infants born with C/S had signifi cantly more body weight loss in grams and percentage (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). First urination time was 4.87±3.84 (0-28) hours, babies had meconium passage in 7.86±5.45 (0-30) hours. Urine time in infants born with vajinal delivery was longer (p=0.006). Length of hospital stay was 26.71±13.13 hours. Readmission rate was 12.6% with in the fi rst month, hyperbilirubinemia was the most common (81.4%) reason for readmission. Conclusion:Early hospital discharge must be decided with parents and all the babies must be reevaluated in fi rst week.