The American National Standards Institute/NSF Standard 61, Section 8, is intended to protect the public from inline brass plumbing products that might leach excessive levels of lead to potable water. Experiments were conducted to examine the practical rigor of this test. Contrary to expectations, the test was not highly protective of public health. In fact, results indicated that small devices made of pure lead—which pose an obvious public hazard—can easily pass the leaching protocol. Reforms are needed to help prevent such unacceptable outcomes in the future. Brass devices passing the test can contribute to lead levels at the tap in residences, schools, and other buildings.

Key Takeaways A utility survey was performed to gather cost data and information on identification and verification methods. In compiling a service line inventory, water utilities need to account for using multiple verification methods at some locations to improve accuracy. Costs vary significantly between verification methods for developing accurate service line inventories and should be accounted for in a water system's planning efforts. The costs for lead service line replacements are estimated to be higher than originally reported when accounting for auxiliary costs to utilities.