Growth stunting is a form of malnutrition that causes children to have a shorter height for their age. Growth stunting can affect tooth eruption, including delayed deciduous teeth eruption. An electronic search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2020 including the terms related to eruption time of deciduous teeth in stunted children, articles in English and Indonesian, research on humans, research articles, and articles that can be accessed in full text. Articles that were not related to eruption time of deciduous teeth in stunted children, articles published over the last 10 years, articles that only used weight for age indicator as an indicator of malnutrition, and articles with incomplete pages were excluded from the study. Seven cross-sectional articles were included in this study. Three studies assessed the age of deciduous teeth eruption, two studies assessed the number of erupted deciduous teeth in malnourished children, three studies assessed the sequence of deciduous teeth eruption, and six studies assessed the association of nutritional status with deciduous teeth eruption.

The nutritional status of pregnant women greatly determines their newborn outcome. Deficiencies of several micronutrients are associated with stunting in early childhood, affecting health into adulthood. However, apart from the systemic disease that has been a concern so far, fetal undernutrition can also be associated with dental caries in a child's early life, especially since the primary teeth begin to form during the mother's gestation period. The important thing to underline regarding the intrauterine formation of primary teeth is especially in terms of enamel formation. One of the causes of developmental enamel defects that will contribute to the emergence of early childhood caries is the malnutrition of the pregnant mother. This mini-review aims to understand the linkage mechanism behind neonatal stunting to early childhood caries. This concept is expected to generate further research to help prevent both growth stunting and early childhood caries. In addition, with some evidence-based research, the importance of the first dental visit can be further promoted.

Stunting has gained global attention as one of the most critical problems in public health. As the first and dominant figure in a child's life, the mother is responsible for determining the proper parenting behaviors to apply to maintain the child's physical health. Stunting is often associated with early childhood caries (ECC) and molar incisor hypomineralization, which can be manifested into each other through various mechanisms. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how far maternal parenting behaviors affect stunting and oral health. This study aims to determine which maternal parenting behaviors can affect stunting and oral health. A systematic search was used through PubMed and Google Scholar to search for published articles between 2011 and 2021. The articles analyze maternal parenting behaviors with stunting and poor oral health. Final analysis was used on 21 articles containing 18 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies, and 1 randomized controlled trial. The result implied that the high prevalence of stunting and ECC is the combined result of prolonged breastfeeding practices (7 articles), poor complementary feeding practice (6 articles), high consumption of sugar (5 articles), and poor oral hygiene practices (5 articles). Maternal parenting styles in the aspect of fulfilling nutrition and maintaining oral health affect the occurrence of stunting and ECC in children.

Objective Parental knowledge, belief, and attitude about oral health affect children’s dental cleaning behavior. Further research on maternal knowledge and attitude about early-age children’s oral health has been suggested to identify factors related to pediatric dental and oral health. For that purpose, a measurement instrument is needed. The research aimed to develop an instrument to measure maternal knowledge and attitude about under 3-year-old children’s oral health. Materials and Methods Using a validity-based approach, we held a series of basic consultation (workshops and interviews) to identify the conceptually different domains. Instrument items were derived from relevant theories. Cognitive interviews were conducted to ensure that the items were properly understood. The items were first tested among the population calibration samples (n = 150). All instrument items were analyzed for reliability and validity. Results In total, 15 items were derived from Bloom’s theory of learning and were developed for the knowledge instrument, while 10 others were developed for the attitude instrument. The reliability analysis yielded Cronbach’s α scores of 0.620 for the knowledge instrument and 0.565 for the attitude instrument. All items were considered valid based on Pearson’s correlation test results. Conclusion The instruments on maternal knowledge and attitude about under 3-year-old children’s oral health consisted of three dimensions, respectively. Both instruments have been tested and analyzed and therefore are applicable for use.

Rendahnya perilaku kebersihan gigi mulut mengakibatkan terjadinya akumulasi plak serta risiko karies dan penyakit gusi. Penilaian diri terhadap kebersihan gigi memengaruhi perilaku. Perilaku kebersihan gigi remaja sangat berperan hingga dewasa serta masih membutuhkan perhatian orang tua. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui penilaian diri dan perilaku kebersihan gigi mulut pada remaja dan ibu serta menganalisis hubungan antara penilaian diri dan perilaku kebersihan gigi mulut masing-masing remaja dan ibu. Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik korelasional dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi seluruh siswa SMP dan ibu. Penentuan subjek menggunakan random group methods didapat 186 siswa beserta ibunya. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner penilaian diri terhadap kebersihan gigi mulut dan Oral Hygiene Behavior (OHB) Index dan diuji dengan korelasi spearman. Hasil: Indeks OHB remaja dan ibu adalah 8,00 dan 8,22 (kategori sedang). Analisis hubungan antara penilaian diri dan perilaku kebersihan gigi mulut, menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan, pada remaja didapatkan koefisien korelasi (r) 0,038; p=0,603 dan ibu (r) 0,042; p=0,569. Uji korelasi penilaian diri dan perilaku kebersihan gigi mulut antara remaja dan ibu memperlihatkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan p=0,001; r=0,274 dan p=0,013; r=0,181. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara perilaku dengan penilaian diri kebersihan gigi mulut pada remaja maupun ibu. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan untuk penilaian diri dan perilaku kebersihan gigi mulut antara remaja dengan ibunya.Kata kunci: Kebersihan gigi; perilaku; menyikat gigi; penilaian diri; remaja The correlation between dental hygiene behavior and self-assessed oral hygiene of adolescents and mothers