Antioxidant, antimicrobial, genoprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective potential of acetone extract of the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Lactarius piperatus was studied. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods (DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radicals scavenging, reducing power assay, and determination of total phenolic compounds). The microdilution method was used to reveal the antimicrobial potential. The genoprotective potential was determined by Comet assay. Cytotoxic activity was tested using MTT. The capacity of the extract to inhibit acetylcholinesterase was used for determining its neuroprotective potential. The received results show that L. piperatus extract possessed potent health enhancing effects. In the antioxidant activity, IC 50 was 33.97 μg/mL for DPPH radicals scavenging and 22.52 μg/mL for superoxide anion radicals scavenging, whereas the absorbance for the reducing power was from 0.0510 to 0.1451. The total content of phenolic compounds in the extract was 5.08 µg PE/mg. The testing of the antimicrobial activity showed that MIC values were from 0.039 to 10 mg/mL. For Comet assay, all concentrations of extract increased the GDI values from 0.46 ± 0.05 to 0.99 ± 0.31. L. piperatus extract expressed relatively strong cytotoxic activity with IC 50 values ranging from 37.83 to 65.94 μg/mL. Finally, the percentage of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity of tested extract was within the range 16.75-44.35%. Our results imply that the acetone extract of L. piperatus has rather strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, genoprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects; thus this mushroom represents healthy food that could be used in the pharmaceutical industry and to prevent various diseases.

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Background: It is known that pyrrolidinone derivates belong to a class of biologically active compounds with broad spectrum of biological actions. Nowadays, many scientists are making effort in the discovery of the more effective way to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative stress or to eliminate the harmful microorganisms from the organism in humans. Therefore, pyrrolidinones seem to be great candidates for the investigations this field. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of tested compounds was estimated by the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth micro-dilution method against four species of bacteria and five species of fungi. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing power. Results: Among the tested compounds, P22 showed marked antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 0.312 mg/mL. Maximum antifungal activity with MIC value 0.625 mg/mL was shown by P23 and P25 compounds against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tested samples showed a relatively strong scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 ranged from 166.75-727.17 µg/mL). The strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by the P3 compound with an IC50 value of 166.75 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested compounds had effective reducing power. Compounds P3, P10, and P13 showed the highest reducing power than those from the other samples. Results of the interactions between DNA or BSA and P3 indicated that P3 had the affinity to displace EB from the EB-DNA complex through intercalation [Ksv = (1.4 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1], while Ka values obtained via titration of BSA with P23 or P25 [Ka = (6.2 ± 0.2) and (5.0 ± 0.2) × 105 M-1] indicate that the notable quantity of the drug can be transmitted to the cells. Conclusion: Achieved results indicate that our compounds are potential candidates for use as medicaments.