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Many important raw materials used in the ceramic industry are in short supply and therefore, these raw materials are becoming more expensive. This has created an increase in the number of researchers interested in waste materials. In this study, tincal waste obtained from the Etibor Co. Kırka Borax Mine-Concentrator Plant was used in place of calcite in the standard recipe for wall tile production. The tiles produced with tincal waste were then subjected to certain physical and mechanical tests as well as microstructural examinations to find out the changes with the tincal waste addition. From the tests, it was found that the green, dry and fired strength of the bodies containing the waste (5%) were increased by 62%, 269% and 61% respectively, compared to the bodies made of the standard recipe. From the results of XRD, SEM and EDX analysis on the standard bodies and on the bodies with tincal waste, it was seen that quartz, anortoclase and anorthite were the main crystalline phases. After an economic analysis, it was realized that the cost of calcite in wall tiles could be reduced by 42% using tincal waste to replace calcite at 5% in the recipe.

In this research, it was aimed to improve the casting properties of traditional art tile casting muds and to make them suitable for the production of taller articles (3 times taller than usual). For this purpose, two different clays with low plasticity were used as an alternative to the high plastic clays (bentonitic, sepiolitic-zeolitic) used in traditional art tile casting muds. These clays were added to the muds at various ratios ranging from 4% to 22% and the changes in rheological properties of these muds were examined. The muds were then formed using a plaster mould and fired at a temperature of 1070 0 C. Some physical and mechanical tests were made to find out the changes in the final products. After the tests, it was understood that the recipe, in which low plastic clays were used (12%) was found to be more suitable for art tile production due to its better casting properties, forming easiness and glazing compatibility. Using this recipe, ten vases with 110 cm height were produced. After firing, it was observed that the products had no physical deformation and therefore, they were considered to be suitable in the casting of taller articles.

This research investigates the use of tincal waste, obtained from the concentrator plant of Etibor Co. Kırka Borax Mine in wall tile production. Tincal waste, which has no economical use at the present time, is called clay rolls since it is produced by the roll mills during pre-concentration of tincal ores at the plant. During the study, this waste was added in place of silica sand to the standard wall tile recipe at different ratios. The test samples were then subjected to certain physical and mechanical tests, and microstructural examinations in order to make comparisons with the standard wall tiles and to find out the effect of tincal waste addition to the wall tiles. It was found that the boron bearing waste could be used in wall tile bodies with all the recipes prepared. Results have shown that the green, dry and fired strength of the bodies were increased by up to 39.3%, 30% and 36.3% respectively, when the waste material was added by 25% to replace silica sand in the standard recipe. From an economic analysis, it was found that the silica cost could be decreased by $10 per ton by adding boron bearing waste (in 25%) to replace silica sand in the standard wall tile recipe.