Driverless cars with artificial intelligence (AI) and automated supermarkets run by collaborative robots (cobots) working without human supervision have sparked off new debates: what will be the impacts of extreme automation, turbocharged by the Internet of Things (IoT), AI, and the Industry 4.0, on Big Data and omics implementation science? The IoT builds on (1) broadband wireless internet connectivity, (2) miniaturized sensors embedded in animate and inanimate objects ranging from the house cat to the milk carton in your smart fridge, and (3) AI and cobots making sense of Big Data collected by sensors. Industry 4.0 is a high-tech strategy for manufacturing automation that employs the IoT, thus creating the Smart Factory. Extreme automation until "everything is connected to everything else" poses, however, vulnerabilities that have been little considered to date. First, highly integrated systems are vulnerable to systemic risks such as total network collapse in the event of failure of one of its parts, for example, by hacking or Internet viruses that can fully invade integrated systems. Second, extreme connectivity creates new social and political power structures. If left unchecked, they might lead to authoritarian governance by one person in total control of network power, directly or through her/his connected surrogates. We propose Industry 5.0 that can democratize knowledge coproduction from Big Data, building on the new concept of symmetrical innovation. Industry 5.0 utilizes IoT, but differs from predecessor automation systems by having three-dimensional (3D) symmetry in innovation ecosystem design: (1) a built-in safe exit strategy in case of demise of hyperconnected entrenched digital knowledge networks. Importantly, such safe exists are orthogonal-in that they allow "digital detox" by employing pathways unrelated/unaffected by automated networks, for example, electronic patient records versus material/article trails on vital medical information; (2) equal emphasis on both acceleration and deceleration of innovation if diminishing returns become apparent; and (3) next generation social science and humanities (SSH) research for global governance of emerging technologies: "Post-ELSI Technology Evaluation Research" (PETER). Importantly, PETER considers the technology opportunity costs, ethics, ethics-of-ethics, framings (epistemology), independence, and reflexivity of SSH research in technology policymaking. Industry 5.0 is poised to harness extreme automation and Big Data with safety, innovative technology policy, and responsible implementation science, enabled by 3D symmetry in innovation ecosystem design.

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Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has given rise to emerging respiratory infections with pandemic diffusion. The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) with emphasis on its regulation of total and free vitamin D metabolite levels participate in various clinical conditions. The main goal of this study was to evaluate if there was any association between the DBP gene polymorphism at rs7041 and rs4588 loci and the prevalence of COVID‐19 and its mortality rates caused among populations of 10 countries including Turkey. Positive significant correlations were found between the prevalence (per million) and mortality rates (per million), and GT genotype ( P < .05) while there was a negative significant correlation between prevalence (per million) and mortality rates (per million), and TT genotype at rs7041 locus among all populations ( P < .05). However, no significant correlation was found at rs4588 locus. GT genotype was found to confer this susceptibility to the populations of Germany, Mexico, Italy, Czech, and Turkey. The variations in the prevalence of COVID‐19 and its mortality rates among countries may be explained by Vitamin D metabolism differed by the DBP polymorphisms of rs7041 and rs4588 .

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme (EC 1.5.1.20), that reduces 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a carbon donor for the homocysteine to methionine conversion. MTHFR is a key enzyme that regulates folate metabolism which has an important role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair and methylation. The association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and breast cancer has been investigated in several previous studies. Some researchers have shown an association between C677T polymorphism and breast cancer, but not all researchers found this association however. This study was designed to investigate, in the Turkish population, the association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and breast cancer. Forty women patients with breast cancer and 68 healthy women were included in the study. MTHFR gene polymorphism was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to determine statistical significance. No differences were observed in the distribution of MTHFR genotypes or allele frequencies in the cases versus the controls. It was found that the frequencies of MTHFR polymorphism were 55%, 40%, 5% for CC, CT, TT genotype in patients and 56%, 38%, 6% in healthy controls respectively. Furthermore, association was observed among family history, metastatic risk and MTHFR genotypes in patients. Our data fail to support a relationship between MTHFR C677T and the risk for breast cancer. It may be that there are ethnic differences in terms of this relationship.

To study clinical, radiological and laboratory features of children with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis (BE) and the association between symptom scores, spirometry, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings and inflammatory markers in induced sputum in these children. Twenty-seven children with steady-state non-CF BE were cross-sectionally evaluated by symptom scores, pulmonary function tests, anatomic extension and severity scores of BE in HRCT and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in induced sputum. There were 16 girls and 11 boys. Median (interquartile range) age of study group was 11.4 (9.5-13.6) years, follow-up duration was 3.5 (2-6.5) years and symptom scores were 4 (3-6). Pulmonary function tests revealed FEV(1) of 82%pred (72-93), FVC of 82%pred (74-92), and FEF(25-75%) of 82%pred (68-95). According to anatomic extent of BE on HRCT; 2 patients had mild, 4 had moderate and 21 had severe BE. Based on severity scores of HRCT; 10 patients had mild, 10 had moderate and 7 had severe BE. Neutrophils consisted 29.9% (14.9-53.7) of the total leucocytes in induced sputum samples. Sputum concentration of TNF-alpha was 58 pg/ml (9.2-302) while IL-8 concentration was 2.7 ng/ml (1.7-2.8). Symptom scores correlated with FEV(1) and sputum IL-8 levels (r=-0.49, r=0.67, P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between HRCT severity scores and symptoms, FEV(1), sputum IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels (r=0.64, r=-0.68, r=0.41, r=0.41, respectively, P<0.05). In children BE is associated with ongoing inflammation. This inflammation can be reliably monitored by radiological scores, spirometry, as well as sputum inflammatory markers. Follow-up of children with BE using these clinical tools may improve patient care.