Indonesia has around 4000 wood species, and 10% (400) of species are categorized as commercial wood. One species is kayu kuku (Pericopsis mooniana Thwaites), native to Southeast Sulawesi. This species is considered a fancy wood used for sawn timber, veneer, plywood, carving, and furniture. The high demand for wood caused excessive logging and threatened its sustainability. In addition, planting P. mooniana has presented several challenges, including seedling production, viability and germination rate, nursery technology, and silviculture techniques. As a result, the genera of Pericopsis, including P. elata (Europe), P. mooniana (Sri Lanka), and P. angolenses (Africa), have been listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix. Based on The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, P. mooniana is categorized as Vulnerable (A1cd). This conservation status has raised issues regarding its biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability in the near future. This paper aims to review the conservation of potential and endangered species of P. mooniana and highlight some efforts for its species conservation and sustainable use in Indonesia. The method used is a systematic literature review based on P. mooniana’s publication derived from various reputable journal sources and additional literature sources. The results revealed that the future demand for P. mooniana still increases significantly due to its excellent wood characteristics. This high demand should be balanced with both silviculture techniques and conservation efforts. The silviculture of P. mooniana has been improved through seed storage technology, improved viability and germination rates, proper micro and macro propagation, applying hormones, in vitro seed storage, improved nursery technology, and harvesting techniques. P. mooniana conservation can be conducted with both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts. In situ conservation is carried out by protecting its mother trees in natural conditions (i.e., Lamedae Nature Reserve) for producing good quality seeds and seedlings. Ex situ conservation is realized by planting seeds and seedlings to produce more wood through rehabilitating and restoring critical forests and lands due to its ability to adapt to marginal land and mitigate climate change. Other actions required for supporting ex situ conservation are preventing illegal logging, regeneration, conservation education, reforestation, agroforestry system applied in private and community lands, and industrial forest plantations.

Red meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq) as a major commercial timber has been widely planted in Dipterocarp forests. Coptotermes sp. termite often attacks S. leprosula Miq to its death, but the attack patterns are unknown. This research aims to get data on the frequency, intensity, and patterns of Coptotermes sp. attack in KHDTK Sebulu, East Kalimantan. Methods used were observation, recording, and mapping on S. leprosula Miq trees attacked by termites in KHDTK Sebulu. The results showed that the frequency of termite attacks on S. leprosula Miq in KHDTK Sebulu was 6.4-30.5% and termite attacks intensity was 4.7-22.1%. Termite attack patterns tended to spread and were followed by the formation of the nest to produce colonies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and vitality class of Ulin stands after the age of 17 years at Sempaja Arboretum, Samarinda East Kalimantan. Collecting data by measuring all species of Ulin which were planted in the arboretum area of 2.5 ha covering diameter/circumference, tree height, and trunk condition in 2020. The growth analysis approach used individual tree increment calculations, while the vitality class and social dynamic assessment were based on the IUFRO classification. The results showed that in the arboretum Sempaja found 82 stems of Ulin which planted as a result of ex-situ conservation activities. The tree’s growth distribution after 17 years was wide both based on the diameter, namely 1.5-11.72 cm, and height, namely 2.4-16.21 m. Based on the mean annual diameter increment (MAId) is 0.09-0.69 cm. yr-1, the height increment (MAIh) is 0.14-0.95 m. yr-1 and volume increment (MAIvol) is 0.00002-0.006 m3.yr-1. The vitality value of Ulin was classified into three classes, meanwhile, the dynamic social was divided into two classes. Based on this assessment, the stand is dominated by trees with average growth and trees requiring maintenance in their development. These results provide input for the need for silvicultural maintenance for the Ulin stand, especially in the management of Sempaja arboretum.

Red Meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) have been widely planted in secondary forests and logged over forest. Problems were found in the field is due to the presence of Coptotermes sp. termite attack in S. leprosula plants resulting to its death. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage and intensity of Coptotermes sp. termite attack. The method used is to perform observations of termite attack in several locations planting, i.e. in KHDTK Samboja (East Kalimantan), KHDTK Sebulu (East Kalimantan), PT INHUTANI II, Pulau Laut (South Kalimantan) and PT Suka Jaya Makmur (West Kalimantan). The results showed that the percentage and intensity of Coptotermes sp. termite attacks in KHDTK Samboja, respectively 7.3% and 4.7%, in KHDTK Sebulu 11.3% and 8.2%, in Inhutani II 5.8% and 5.3% and in PT Suka Jaya Makmur 5.4% and 4.8%. The source of termite attacks in plants in KHDTK Samboja and KHDTK Sebulu was the termite nest contained in secondary forest bordering S. leprosula plantations while the source of the termite attack in plants in Inhutani II and PT Suka Jaya Makmur was the termite nests located between S. leprosula plantations. Finally, Coptotermes sp termite attack disturbed S. leprosula plantation.