We have synthesized 50 benzimidazole (BMZ) derivatives with 1,2‐phenylenediamines and aromatic aldehydes under mild oxidation conditions by using inexpensive, nontoxic inorganic salt sodium metabisulfite in a one‐pot condensation reaction and screened their ability to interfere with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection utilizing a cell‐based phenotypic assay. Seven BMZs inhibited an African ZIKV strain with a selectivity index (SI=CC50/EC50) of 9–37. Structure‐activity relationship analysis demonstrated that substitution at the C‐2, N‐1, and C‐5 positions of the BMZ ring were important for anti‐ZIKV activity. The hybrid structure of BMZ and naphthalene rings was a structural feature responsible for the high anti‐ZIKV activity. Importantly, BMZs inhibited ZIKV in human neural stem cells, a physiologically relevant system considering the severe congenital anomalies, like microcephaly, caused by ZIKV infection. Compound 39 displayed the highest antiviral efficacy against the African ZIKV strain in Huh‐7 (SI>37) and neural stem cells (SI=12). Compound 35 possessed the highest activity in Vero cells (SI=115). Together, our data indicate that BMZs derivatives have to be considered for the development of ZIKV therapeutic interventions.

Using Geography Information System (GIS) tools and remote sensing data in assessing the level of vulnerability of agricultural production activities in the coastal area has become more efficient in the recent years. This research has identified the sensitivity index (S) (including the traffic access index; the impact of residential areas; the impacts of industrial zones; the community dependence level), exposure index (E) (the sea level rises to 2100; the temperature change to 2100), the adaptable capacity index (AC) (slope; morphology), thereby synthesizing the vulnerability index (V). Based on the indexes to calculate vulnerability, the high to very high vulnerability area is 37,081.44 ha, accounting for 68.09%; the average vulnerability level is 15,286.49 ha, accounting for 28.07%; the low to very low vulnerability level with an area is 2087.82 ha, accounting for 3.84% of the total area. With a high and very high vulnerability accounting for 68.09%, there will be great influences on the lives of resident in the area, especially agricultural production.

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Abstract-Group scheduling is a scheduling operation of optical burst switching networks in which the burst header packets arriving in each timeslot will schedule their following bursts simultaneously. There have been many proposals for group scheduling (such as OBS-GS, MWIS-OS and LGS), but they consider mainly to schedule the arriving bursts which have the same wavelength on an output data channel. Another suggestion is GreedyOPT which considers the group scheduling for multichannel with the support of full wavelength converters, but it is not optimal. This article proposes another approach of group scheduling which is more optimal and has a linear complexity.

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