Nowadays, networking plays a very important role in businesses. The network infrastructure has been developing rapidly. Moreover, the invention of TCP protocol motivates a lot of network applications. Many of these applications require line rate processing of packets and reassembly of TCP packets for stateful processing. Several techniques are introduced to reassemble TCP packets on FPGA. However, they have some disadvantages such as inefficient memory, unscalable system, and unsupported complex TCP connections. In this paper, we propose a multilinked-list approach for TCP reassembly. Our architecture not only supports TCP connections with multiple out-of-sequence data segments but also uses memory more efficiently than others. The experimental results show that our system can hold about 256K connections simultaneously and support up to 46K out-ofsequence connections with only 64MB DRAM.

Field-programmable gate arrays are susceptible to radiation-induced single event upsets. These are commonly dealt with using triple modular redundancy (TMR) and module-based configuration memory error recovery (MER). By triplicating components and voting on their outputs, TMR helps localise configuration memory errors, and by reconfiguring faulty components, MER swiftly corrects them. However, the order in which TMR voters are checked inevitably impacts the overall system reliability. In this study, the authors outline an approach for computing the reliability of TMR-MER systems that consist of finitely many components. They demonstrate that system reliability is improved when the more vulnerable components are checked more frequently than when they are checked in round-robin order. They propose a genetic algorithm for finding a voter checking schedule that maximises the reliability of TMR-MER systems. Results indicate that the mean time to failure (MTTF) of these systems can be increased by up to 400% when variable-rate voter checking (VRVC) is used instead of round robin. They show that VRVC achieves 15-23% increase in MTTF with a 10× reduction in checking frequency to reduce system power. They also found that VRVC detects errors 44% faster on average than round robin. Nomenclature Symbol Definition N number of TMR components in the system Ck component k, k = 1, …, N O kn Ck is observed for the nth time by checking its voter(s) Δt o time period between successive voter observations (assumed to be constant for a given system setting) Δt dk time period between two consecutive observations of Ck Δt rk time period to recover a faulty module of Ck Δt k total time period over which Ck can fail Δt di j time period between successive observations of Ci and Cj Δt d′i j average time period between two consecutive observations of Ci in the interval between two consecutive observations of Cj IET Comput. Digit. Tech.

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is a network of interconnected devices, transportations, home appliances, and other devices. They are functionally embedded in electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity that allows them to connect and exchange information. On the basis of the IoT concept, implementations are gradually being proposed in a range of areas, ranging from smart house, smart office and smart agriculture. In this research paper, a generic framework for smart monitoring applications based on the IoTs network is proposed. In this framework, low-powered sensor nodes are based on the micro:bit platform, providing a multiple footprints for different sensor connections. The wireless capability on micro:bit provides a complete solution to deploy the system in such places that wire is impractical to draw. The data is wirelessly gathered by a basestation node that is powered by Android Things operating system provided by Google. This operating system is based on the Android platform for smart devices and Internet of Things products. The approach to this framework indicates a low cost and minimum setup and especially amenable for applications control. To support many applications with minimum modifications, the framework is designed for easy expansion by supporting popular serial connection ports, including the Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter and Serial Peripheral Interface. With these connections, on one line data bus, several sensors can be added to match the different application requirements. In this paper, our platform is validated for an automatic water monitoring in aquaculture based on the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen sensory data. Through our framework, the data is uploaded to a cloud for remote monitoring and providing alarms for users whenever the data is out of a predefined safe domain.