Background: Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) is a scarce diagnosis involving unilateral facial paralysis resulting from the reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) infection in the past, which causes pain, asymmetrical facial expressions, and difficulty in speaking, eating and drinking. The most effective treatment is still debatable, and limited research is available. Rehabilitation program is considered as the core treatment that gives functional improvement. The aim of this case study is to present clinical findings in RHS and the rehabilitation program to maximize facial expression recovery.Case Description: A 59-year-old man came to rehabilitation medicine outpatient clinic two weeks after diagnosed as RHS, with complaints of fever; severe pain and rashes on the left side of the face; and ear discomfort on the same side. Physical examination revealed peripheral facial nerve palsy on the left side with drooping of the left eyelid, left end of the mouth, and difficulty in oral communication. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) examination showed axonal facial nerve paralysis on the left side. The patient was referred to the physiatrist and got rehabilitation program with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), facial massage and biofeedback exercise for facial muscle 3 times a week for 4 weeks.Discussion: After 4 weeks rehabilitation program, the patient showed improvement as House-Brackmann grades improved from a grade IV to a grade II; improvements in communication, facial symmetry at both rest and motion; significant improvement in experiencing pain. Conclusions: This study suggested that rehabilitation program with NMES, facial massage and biofeedback exercise are safe, efficacious and provide good outcomes in the treatment of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome.

In critically ill patients, marked protein catabolism is prevalent. Protein demanding for such patients has been based on commending nitrogen balance, in most cases. Due to the stress response, critically ill patients tend to fall into a negative nitrogen balance state. Metabolic changes, particularly in elderly critically ill patients, increase the risk of the worsening nitrogen balance. Some evidence suggested optimal nitrogen balance may not indeed equalize to the best clinical outcome. On the contrary, several studies reported the available nitrogen balance data in establishing new recommendations for the protein required by critically ill patients. There is a hypothesis that adequate protein supplementation utilizing nitrogen balance could be correlated with improved results for patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Therefore, this literature review aims to deliver a brief explanation of whether nitrogen balance can be useful in documenting the effectiveness of nutritional therapy in critical illness or not.

Background:  The development of new modality for burn wound healing is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality of burn injury. PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) is one of potential modality for burn injury because of its ability to deliver various growth factors to initiate and accelerate tissue healing and regeneration. Clinical efficacy of PRP is frequently disturbed because inconsistency and inefficiency of growth factor release in PRP. To increase the effectiveness of PRP in wound healing and increase the bioavailability of growth factor, PRP can be combined with a carrier that can control continuous release of growth factors. Chitosan is one of biomaterial that potential to use because of its biodegradability characteristic and biological activity that important for burn wound healing and prevent the formation of scar tissue in a burn injury. Researches have shown that chitosan is an effective carrier to facilitate growth factor release continuously to burn wound.Aims: This review aims to review potential Combinations of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) & Chitosan in Burn WoundConclusion: With chitosan ability to facilitate burn wound healing and as an effective carrier, combination of PRP and chitosan is a promising modality for burn wound healing.

Background. Significant nutritional support to meet increased energy expenditure is vital for burn patient's survival. Burn injury may lead to a significant decrease in Glutamine levels, which inspired the hypothesis that glutamine supplementation following burn injury would improve outcomes. Hence, the purpose of this meta-analysis study was to provide the rationale for determining the efficacy and safety of enteral glutamine in burn patients.   Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis based on PRISMA design to assess the potency of enteral glutamine supplementation as adjuvant treatment in patients with burn trauma. PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Google scholar were searched systematically using the following keywords: "enteral glutamine" and "burn patients" and "critical ill" and "infection" and "length of stay". Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of papers included in our meta-analysis. A Z test was used to determine the significance of pooled effect estimates. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version 2.1 to analyze the data.   Results: A total of 12 studies recording 344 cases and 335 controls were enrolled for our analysis. Data on hospital Length of Stay (LOS) was found that enteral glutamine supplementation provided a significant result in reducing the LOS (Std mean diff: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.16 – 1.24; p=0.0100). We also found that a higher risk of positive wound culture was significantly observed in patients without the supplementation of enteral glutamine (OR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.41 – 3.27; p=0.0003) compared to patients receiving enteral glutamine supplementation among burn patients.   Conclusion: In our meta-analysis study, enteral glutamine in burn patients confers significantly shorter LOS and lower risk of wound infection among burn patients. We suggest that enteral glutamine supplementation may be a beneficial intervention for the management of burn patients.

Introduction: Acute angle closure glaucoma is an emergency ophthalmic condition that occurs due to a sudden closure of the angle in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing an abrupt intraocular pressure (IOP) increase. The purpose of writing this case is to present clinical findings in acute glaucoma and the initial managements taken in reducing IOP.Case: A 45-year-old gentleman presented with 24-hour history of sudden severe left-sided headache associated with reduced vision on his left eye. Examination on the left eye revealed mixed conjunctival and ciliary injection, with visual acuity of 4/60 and raised intraocular pressure with the value of 40.2 on Schiotz tonometry. The anterior chamber was shallow, cornea was edematous, pupil was mid-dilated with diameter of 4 mm and unresponsive to light, iris crypt unclear, and hazed lens. The contralateral eye had a deep anterior chamber with normal pressure and a clear lens. He was treated initially by oral acetazolamide 250 mg two times a day, oral analgesic, a topical beta blocker 0,5% two times a day, and a topical steroid six times a day.Conclusion: A prompt and appropriate management in cases of acute glaucoma can prevent further complications and permanent blindness.