Abstract—The present study examined Empathizing-Systemizing Theory (E-S Theory) in Indonesian Children. E-S Theory has known as a theory that is attempted to explain the cluster of both the social and non-social features in autism spectrum conditions. Children’s version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) were administered to 372 Indonesia parents who had typically developed children aged 4-11 years old (boys = 182, girls = 190). The results showed that the girls scored higher that boys on EQ-C . In the case of SQ-C, there were no differences between boys and girls. However, the proportion of cognitive style shows clear individual differences between boys and girls. The proportion of participants with empathizing dominant cognitive sytle was shown higher by girls than boys, which distributed to E and Extreme E brain types, while the proportion of systemizing dominant cognitive styles is higher in boys whom brain types spread across the Type S and Extreme S categories. This study explaining inherited biological factors of autism and underscore the vulnerability among boys to develop autism spectrum condition if compared to girls. Keywords: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, sex, Systemizing Quotient (SQ) Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji teori Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S Theory) pada konteks anak Indonesia. E-S Theory dikenal sebagai sebuah teori yang digunakan untuk melihat gugus fitur sosial dan non-sosial kondisi spektrum autisme. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 372 orang tua Indonesia dengan anak berusia 4-11 tahun (anak laki-laki = 182, perempuan = 190), M usia = 7 Tahun, SD= 2.423 yang diminta untuk mengisi skala Empathizing Quotient (EQ) dan Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa tingkat empati anak perempuan lebih tinggi daripada tingkat empati anak laki-laki. Dalam hal mensistemasi tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan kemampuan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Namun, proporsi gaya kognitif menunjukkan adanya perbedaan individual yang signifikan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Gaya kognitif dominan berempati lebih tinggi pada anak perempuan, yang tersebar pada kategori tipe otak E dan Ekstrim E, sedangkan proporsi gaya kognitif mensistemasi lebih tinggi pada anak laki-laki dengan tipe otak yang tersebar pada kategori Tipe S dan Ekstrim S. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan bukti adanya faktor biologis bawaan dari autism ditinjau dari jenis kelamin dan menunjukkan kerentanan bawaan anak laki-laki terhadap kondisi autism jika dibandingkan dengan anak perempuan. Kata kunci: Empathizing Quotient (EQ), extreme male brain of autism, jenis kelamin, Systemizing Quotient (SQ)
Vocational interest alignment is the key for job seekers to successfully undertake training programs. However, the assessment tool under the context of the vocational system has not been available, specifically in the Employment and Transmigration Agency of the East Java Provincial Government in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to develop an online assessment to measure the vocational interest of job seekers. It generated theories and items for the Ubaya Vocational Interest Inventory (UVII) and tested the content validity. The process of developing the construct of the UVII was conducted by reviewing the descriptions of job training programs in East Java Province. The examination of content validity involved 10 panelists, and the data were analyzed by the coefficient Aiken V. Based on the categorization of all training program reviewed, the results showed that there were 20 categories of vocations encompassing 4 clusters of interests, which were services, agriculture, arts, and engineering. There were 10 items developed for each category of vocational interest. The content validity examination found that 152, 32, and 16 items at 76%, 16%, and 8% were good (V>0.70), fairly good (V = 0.50 -0.69), and poor (V<0.50), respectively. The findings indicated that most of the developed items represented the constructs measured. However, items in the fairly good category need to be revised, and those in the poor category should be changed with the new items.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional seorang atasan dengan tingkat konflik kerja-keluarga karyawannya. Responden penelitian berasal dari karyawan perusahaan industri manufaktur sepeda dengan total responden sebanyak 117 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik pemilihan probability sampling-simple random sampling. Data yang terkumpul dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dengan menyebarkan angket penelitian yang berisi skala kepemimpinan transformasional dan konflik kerja-keluarga yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi. Hasil analisis data korelasi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan negatif yang signfikan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional atasan dan konflik kerja-keluarga karyawan. Namun, pengolahan data lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara 5 dari 7 aspek gaya kepemimpinan transformasional yakni vision, staff development, empowerment, innovative thinking, dan lead by example dengan salah satu aspek dari konflik kerja-keluarga yakni family interference work-strain. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan temuan lain yakni adanya asosiasi antara jenis kelamin atasan dengan tingkat konflik kerja-keluarga karyawan, yakni atasan berjenis kelamin perempuan cenderung lebih transformasional dibandingkan atasan berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Hasil yang demikian mengindikasikan bahwa karyawan yang dipimpin oleh seorang pemimpin yang transformasional akan merasa memiliki panutan yang dapat memberikannya contoh dalam mengatasi konflik peran dalam lingkup keluarga dan pekerjaannya. Dengan demikian, karyawan dapat mengadaptasi pola keseimbangan kerja-keluarga dari atasannya dan mempraktikkannya dalam kehidupan rumah tangganya sehingga tekanan dari peran yang dimiliki dalam lingkup keluarga tidak sampai mengganggu perannya di lingkungan kerja.
This research aims to analyze the contributions of parents’ behavior to adolescent cyberbullying. It tests the role of parental psychological control and adolescent cyberbullying behaviour using a quantitative design with the selection of samples in the form of accidental sampling. Furthermore, the participants comprised 383 adolescents aged 13-17 years who live with both parents and have committed cyberbullying. The respondents filled out the questionnaires containing the Psychological Control – Disrespect Scale (PCDS) to measure the patent’s psychological control and the Cyber-Aggression Scale (CYB-AGS). A multiple regression analysis showed that the control predicts adolescent cyberbullying behavior (R2= 0,053, F =10.619, p = 0.000), and as a predictor variable, it contributes 5.3% to cyberbullying behavior. According to the model, the father’s psychological control predicts adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior. This research reveals the significance of parental psychological control in adolescent cyberbullying behaviour.
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