The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) shows the relationship between economic development, which is proxied in per capita income, and environmental quality. This study aims to view the existence of the EKC by arranging the distribution of 62 countries into four sub-samples based on per capita income from 1992 to 2017. By applying panel data, the model uses the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) method to see the effect of economic growth on environmental quality (CO 2 emission) in both the short and the long term. The results show that the EKCs on our four subsamples used are not conclusive, and are more likely to refer to the "N" pattern. This result confirms that the impetus of development at a higher level will lead to a degradation of environmental quality. Therefore, policy intervention becomes an important thing.

This paper examines the relationship between orange economy activity which is an activity that allow for ideas to be transformed into cultural goods, local genius, place identity, cultural policies, and sustainability intangible cultural heritage (ICH) of Balinese handwoven textiles. A questionnaire survey was administered to 145 respondents. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to the resultant data using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The result revealed local genius, orange economy activity, and place identity have positive and significant influence on sustainability ICH of Balinese handwoven textiles. A positive and significant direct effect between local genius and place identity to the orange economy activity was also found. The result also proved that the orange economy mediates the relationship between local genius and place identity on sustainability. Moreover, cultural policies moderates the relationship between orange economy and sustainability. Our findings might also be relevant to sustainability Bali’s ICH to strengthening the involvement of cultural industry through orange economy activity, in enhancing their place identity and local genius, in supporting and promoting the sustainability ICH of Balinese handwoven textiles. Furthermore, the role of government through cultural policies might also relevant as moderating effect the relationship between orange economy activity and sustainability of ICH.

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Resiliensi bisnis merupakan wujud bagaimana sebuah bangunan ekonomi bisa bertahan dan menyesuaikan diri dengan pemberdayaan BUMDesa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan untuk kesuksesan BUM Desa di Bali. Terdapat 455 BUMDesa di Bali yang bergerak dalam berbagai sektor produktif, sehingga pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kombinasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif bersifat studi kasus. Pendekatan kuantitatif bersifat deskriptif dengan menampilkan data statistik berupa trend. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara kuota. Ada delapan kabupaten dan satu kota di Bali. Masing-masing akan diberikan kuota dengan melakukan random sampling di masing-masing Kabupaten/Kota. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana stimulus dan perencanaan bisnis menjadi model ketahanan bisnis bagi BUMDes. Kedua prasyarat tersebut yang seharusnya wajib dipenuhi bagi BUMDesa di Bali agar bisa tetap eksis dan menampakkan identitasnya di tengah-tengah situasi perekonomian dan keterpurukan saat ini.

A lot of the views of practitioners outside of Bali looked at the ceremony as one of the causes of poverty. It is seen from the portion of income that must be spent for various ceremonies to be performed by the Balinese Hindu community. This study aimed to answer the fundamental question, whether it is the customs and cultures led to affect Hindu community income in Bali? The data used is primary data from 350 Hindu households listed as poor households in Bali using depth interview survey method. Religion can play a role in overcoming poverty. Religion is not only a moral conscience that reminds the community will give generously to the poor but also to see the poor as human beings. The opinion says that the religious activities and custom made by Balinese Hindu communities causes increased poverty seems supported by the magnitude of the data portion of the expenditures for this activity. In Balinese Hindu communities, family income will be issued again and consumption expenditure shaped yajna. The analysis shows if traditional rituals and Balinese Hindu religious tend to have positive influence, good for people's income and the level of happiness. Therefore, it is not appropriate if the customs and religion are said to have made the Balinese Hindu community becomes poorer. This result also shows a shift in the understanding of religion in Balinese Hindu community. Religiosity someone then be interpreted by the implementation of the ritual in the form of upakara (yadnya) and the implementation of ethics in public life (susila).