No abstract

What are the novel findings of this work? We describe a new sonographic sign, the 'superimposedline' sign, for evaluation of the fetal secondary palate in early gestation on two-dimensional imaging of the vomeromaxillary junction in the midsagittal view. What are the clinical implications of this work? Inclusion of this sign during the routine nuchal translucency scan should improve screening and early detection of secondary palatine clefts. This sign also facilitates evaluation of cleft extension into the secondary palate when a defect in the premaxilla is identified.

A new, high resolution, pressure-sensitive insole was tested and found to provide reproducible measurements of static and dynamic plantar pressures inside the shoe of normal test subjects under certain conditions. However, calibration between separate sensors was poor and the sensor pads showed significant wear with use. This system was also used to investigate the effect of heel wedges on plantar foot pressure to determine whether this system was sensitive enough to detect the effect of a gross shoe modification on plantar foot pressure. Medial heel wedges decreased plantar pressures under the first and second metatarsals as well as under the first toe, and shifted the center of force laterally in all portions of the foot. Lateral heel wedges decreased pressures under the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsals, increased pressures under the first and second metatarsals, and shifted the center of force medially in all portions of the foot. Our evaluations indicate that it is possible to measure static and dynamic plantar foot pressures within shoes and to study the possible effect of shoe modifications on plantar pressures in controlled gait trials.