29Purpose: This study examined the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 30 s sprint, 4-5 min 30 passive recovery) and prolonged intermittent sprint training (PIST; 10 s sprint, 2-3 min moderate 31 exercise) on the systemic inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α 32 (TNF-α), aerobic capacity and anthropometry in a middle-aged, sedentary population. 33 34 Methods: Fifty-five sedentary adults (age 49.2 ± 6.1 y) were randomised into HIIT (n=20), PIST 35 (n=21) or a sedentary control group (CTRL, n=14). HIIT and PIST performed 3 training sessions per 36 week for 9 weeks on a cycle ergometer, matched for total high-intensity time, while CTRL continued 37 normal sedentary behaviours. Pre-and post-intervention testing involved measures of anthropometry, 38 peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and venous blood collection for analyses of CRP and TNF-α. VO2peak, the distribution of sprints and the active or passive recovery periods are inconsequential 49 provided that total duration of high-intensity efforts is similar. 50 51

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