Objective: This study aims to clarify the relationship between self-report and performance-based measures of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional inhibition in diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Current research states performance-based measures account for little unique variance in determining ADHD diagnoses; however, research is based mostly in pediatric populations. Method: 78 participants referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation for differential diagnosis of ADHD were used. Binomial logistic regressions were used to explore the predictive relationship of inhibition to ADHD as measured by the Trail Making Test—Part B (TMT-B), discriminability index of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test—Second Edition (CPT-II), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult (BRIEF-A) Inhibition subscale. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine linear relationships between measures. Results: BRIEF-A Inhibition subscale was the sole variable of significance (p = .043) when predicting ADHD without co-morbid diagnoses, with the model accurately classifying 60.3% of standalone ADHD diagnoses. Conversely, TMT-B scores were the sole variable of significance (p = .044) when predicting ADHD with co-morbid depression and anxiety, with the model accurately classifying 68.9% of co-morbid diagnoses. No measures significantly predicted ADHD with co-morbid depression or anxiety. Only the BRIEF-A Inhibition subscale and the CPT-II discriminability index held a significant correlational relationship (r = -.225, p = .026). Conclusions: As is consistent with current literature, performance-based cognitive measures contributed little predictive power in diagnosing standalone ADHD in adults. However, TMT-B demonstrated significant predictive power when patients also demonstrated clinically significant depression and anxiety – perhaps suggesting a compound effect. Self-report and performance-based inhibition measures held minimal correlation.

Objective: This study aimed to explore psychological outcomes of individuals who sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as impacted by injury mechanism and premorbid intelligence. Cognitive outcomes post mTBI are well-researched, and the impact of premorbid intelligence has routinely been shown in the literature to impact cognitive outcomes, but type of injury and psychiatric outcomes have received much less attention. Method: All 108 participants were referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation following presentation to the emergency room with head injury. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to explore the relationship of injury mechanism (motor vehicle accident (MVA) or fall) to psychological outcomes as measured by the major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, drug abuse/dependence, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scales on the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ). Premorbid intelligence as assessed using WRAT—4 Reading was the covariate. A binary logistic regression was also used to determine which PDSQ scales were predictors of injury mechanism. Results: In the MANCOVA analysis, alcohol abuse/dependence was the sole variable approaching significance (p = .068). The logical regression equation model accurately classified 98.9% of MVA cases, wherein alcohol abuse/dependence emerged as the lone significant predictor (p = .028). Conclusions: Contrary to literature on cognitive outcomes, premorbid intelligence was not associated with psychological outcomes post mTBI. Independent of injury mechanism, no significant differences among PDSQ outcome scales were discovered. Finally, those with mTBI due to MVA had a higher probability of alcohol abuse/dependence compared to those with those suffering a mTBI from a fall.