This study examines the empirical relation between a three‐way classification of corporate ownership structure and earnings management through the use of extraordinary item (EI) reporting. The EI reporting decisions examined are those made during 1960‐1966, a time period when US reporting standards allowed considerable management discretion with respect to both the classification of EIs and their placement in the financial statements (i.e., income. versus retained earnings statement). Overall, the results provide strong support for income‐increasing behavior by non‐owner managers. Importantly, the results also suggest that the three‐way ownership classification scheme used in this study is superior to the dichotomous owner‐controlled/managercontrolled classification typically used in accounting studies.

No abstract

Lipomas, tumors of adipose tissue, are common and make up 16% of tumors of mesenchymal origin. Approximately 25% of lipomas occur in the head and neck region and are commonly found subcutaneously in places, such as the posterior neck. 1 The prevalence is higher among men than women, and often arise in the fifth or sixth decade of life. 2 Lipomas can further be categorized based on their histopathology into variants such as angiolipoma, chondrolipoma, spindle cell lipoma, or, in our case, osteolipoma. 1 An 81-year-old Caucasian male complaining of dysphagia associated with weight loss of 2 years duration was referred to the otolaryngology office after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated a hyperintense retropharyngeal mass with smooth margins measuring 4.46 cm  2.35 cm in sagittal view (see Figure 1). The MRI was originally ordered for cognitive complaints. Nasopharyngeal fiber-optic examination revealed a large mass in the left posterior pharyngeal wall partially obstructing the airway. No mucosal ulceration was noted, and the true vocal folds demonstrated full range of motion. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck with contrast

No abstract