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En 2003, la Nouvelle-Zélande est devenue le seul pays au monde à dépénaliser tous les aspects de la prostitution non forcée. La réforme du droit annonçait un changement radical. En effet, au lieu d'essayer de réprimer l'industrie en criminalisant les personnes qui y participaient, l'objectif de la Prostitution Reform Act était de s'assurer que les droits fondamentaux des travailleuses du sexe soient préservés. Cependant, cette expérience sociale controversée n'a fait que souligner le conflit profond entre les idéaux de la participation du public aux processus décisionnels et l'obligation de protéger les droits d'une minorité impopulaire. Le présent article examine cette dichotomie. Les militants les plus surannés de la démocratie locale, des règlements municipaux et des contrôles de planification urbaine ont permis à la réprobation morale de continuer sa domination, portant ainsi atteinte aux droits des travailleuses du sexe. De plus, en raison de critères discrétionnaires propres aux contrôles judiciaires, le droit administratif n'a pas fourni les protections nécessaires. Le présent article répond à Emily van der Meulen et Elya Durisin et encourage les réformateurs axés sur les droits individuels d'avancer avec prudence. Pour être vraiment efficace, il faudrait veiller à ce que toute loi axée sur les droits ne laisse pas l'indignation morale des collectivités locales menacer, par les voies réglementaires, le bien-être et la sécurité des prostituées, risquant ainsi la création d'une industrie clandestine de deuxième ordre.

In this chapter we examine the place and nature of rāhui in the law of Aotearoa New Zealand. The expression rāhui is used in legislation in New Zealand to describe certain conservation areas (whenua rāhui, wahi rāhui) and associated conservation agreements (Nga Whenua Rāhui kawenata), and to denote particular means or measures that can be utilised for conservation or sustainability purposes. By so adopting the idea or expression of rāhui, New Zealand law can be seen to be drawing on one of the three original uses of rāhui: to replenish resources. In this sense, rāhui can be defined as a 'mark to warn people against trespassing; used in the case of tapu, or for temporary protection of fruit, birds, or fish etc'. 2 This chapter focuses on Nga Whenua Rāhui kawenata and rāhui around and under the Fisheries Act 1996 in particular, and discusses how the nature of and processes associated with rāhui have been defined by the legislation that applies in these two contexts. 1 This chapter is adapted from Wheen, Nicola and Ruru, Jacinta. Providing for 'Rahui' in the Law of Aotearoa New Zealand.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine how, why and to what effect pounamu (New Zealand greenstone) came to be owned and managed by Ngai Tahu as part of a Treaty of Waitangi settlement. Design/methodology/approach -The value of pounamu to the Maori iwi Ngai Tahu, and the strategic importance and legislative mechanism of its vesting in Ngai Tahu are described. The current legal arrangements for pounamu are compared with those for other minerals and natural resources affected by Treaty of Waitangi settlements. The legally controversial issues of mandate, entitlement and enforcement that have arisen since the vesting are traversed. Findings -The return of pounamu was critical in settling Ngai Tahu's Treaty claims. Other natural resources have also been subject to Treaty claims, and some have been restored in whole or in part to Maori control. Pounamu is now owned and controlled by Ngai Tahu. Customary uses of pounamu are allowed, as potentially is mining that is supported by research. Current research aims to determine extraction rates for sustainable use, based on a definition of the resource as pounamu that is available for surface discovery and collection. The process of vesting pounamu in the legal entity established to represent Ngai Tahu was controversial, and complex disputes about customary rights and pounamu source(s) have dominated criminal proceedings undertaken to protect Ngai Tahu interests in pounamu. Originality/value -The story of pounamu provides an interesting example of a developing feature of resource management law and practice in New Zealand: resources that are owned and/or managed under a set of legal arrangements designed within the terms of settlement for a claim under the Treaty of Waitangi.

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