In the first part of the article, biosemiotics will be presented in its historical and theoretical dynamics. New areas of research that have emerged in the speculative field of biosemiotics, such as ecosemiotics, will be explored. In all its developments, biosemiotics, which identifies semiosis with life, excludes inorganic matter from any semiotics processes. However, the inorganic world is a fundamental part of the biosphere, especially if we consider the emergence of life. In order to include inorganic matter within semiotic processes of the biosphere we will use James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis reinterpreted in the light of semiotics. If we use the hypothesis of planet Earth as a living system in its complexity and if we consider that every living system is intrinsically semiotic, then inorganic matter must also participate in semiotics processes. In this sense, the semiotics of the inorganic world reveals that it participates in a sort of non-human agency. This type of speculative semiotics engages semiotics processes that are constitutive of matter and that can be read as the story of the planet itself. In conclusion, I will propose a physiosemiotics as semiotics of matter.
El antropocentrismo metafísico delineado por autores como Kant, Heidegger, Lévinas y Lacan nos permite situarlos en una misma línea que define el umbral entre el hombre y el animal: el poder de autorreferencia. Este poder-tener un “yo” o poder-ser un “yo”, la vocación a la egoidad, es lo que se le niega al animal, es decir, la experiencia de la auto-posición. La facultad de referirse a sí mismo, que coincide con la responsabilidad del sujeto y con lo que (en la metafísica) eleva el hombre por encima de todos los vivientes, funda su poder sobre los animales. Este es el principio a partir del cual se reinterpretan tales posturas filosóficas, poniéndolo en relación con la lingüística y el psicoanálisis. La presente investigación pretende responder a la pregunta “¿cómo deviene humano el animal?” a partir de las reflexiones de Jacques Derrida. La antropogénesis es el proceso a través del cual un ejemplar de Homo sapiens deviene sujeto, es decir, un cuerpo animal capaz de decir de sí mismo “yo”.
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