The statistical association between metacognition, intrinsic motivation and student attitude in students of the Engineering Faculty of the University of Guajira was investigated. The instrument for measuring metacognition and intrinsic motivation was the "Learning Self-Regulation Inventory" designed by Lindner, Harris and Gordon (1993), which was modified for the research requirements and validated by Cronbach's Alpha. To do the relationship analysis, the contingency tables were made and the bar diagrams were constructed. The statistical significance between the variables was made by the Chi-square test. The values of 0.90 and 0.88 for the Cronbach's Alpha allowed to validate the instruments used. The results showed that there is statistical significance (p <0.05) between metacognition with intrinsic motivation (p = 0.036) and student attitude (p = 0.034) with a confidence level of 95%. This allowed us to conclude that by increasing or decreasing the intrinsic motivation and student attitude, metacognition does so in the same proportion.

La prospectiva en la conducción gerencial, es el proceso mediante el cual quienes toman decisiones en una organización obtienen, procesan y analizan información pertinente, interna y externa, con el fin de evaluar la situación presente, así como los escenarios posibles de competitividad con el propósito de anticipar y decidir sobre el direccionamiento hacia el futuro. Ahora bien, la prospectiva a nivel profesional desde miradas emprendedoras, partiendo de la construcción de escenarios posibles como factor de competitividad, es determinante en el éxito de las organizaciones que inician o que se encuentran ya consolidadas, ya que cuanto más alta sea la fuerza de los involucrados, mayor será su potencial como profesional en el área que emprende, por ende, mayor será la formación de personas capaces de lograr metas como objetivos, además de altos grados de participación en la sociedad, motivación, compromiso, para lograr influir en el grupo. Metodológicamente se utilizó el método de la hermenéutica para estudiar los diferentes documentos y textos relacionados con el tema. En este sentido, se concluye que el emprendedor debe manejar como fundamento en la conducción gerencial los escenarios prospectivos los cuales le otorgan constante formación favorable para la organización donde pueda proponer situaciones innovadoras que se enfoquen en la realidad del contexto en el cual se desenvuelve.

The association between metacognition, teaching quality and student attitude in 950 students of the engineering programs of the University of Cartagena between 2014 and 2016 was analyzed. The instrument for measuring metacognition was the "Learning Self-Regulation Inventory" designed by Lindner, Harris and Gordon (1993), which was modified for the requirements of the research. Teaching quality was evaluated by means of a survey and the student attitude was evaluated by means of a survey incorporating elements of Boza & de la O Toscano into the questionnaire. Each instrument was validated by the Cronbach's Alpha which yielded the values of 0.90, 0.85 and 0.88 for each of the instruments mentioned previously in their order. For the relationship analysis, the variables were crossed and the bar diagrams and the 2x2 contingency tables were constructed, applying the Chi-Square independence test. The results indicate that there is a significant degree of statistical significance (p <0.05) between metacognition and student attitude (p = 0.047) at a confidence level of 95%. This means that metacognition processes are associated with attitudinal processes causing academic success in the engineering student at the University of Cartagena. It was not possible to verify statistical significance between metacognition and teaching quality.

El liderazgo en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) ha sido un tema de interés creciente en la investigación empresarial, este está relacionado con mejores resultados financieros, mayor satisfacción de los empleados y menor rotación del personal. Las pymes representan una gran cantidad de empresas en todo el mundo y a menudo son consideradas como el motor de la economía en muchos países. El presente estudio se trazó como objetivo analizar cómo el liderazgo en las pymes influye en el clima laboral y en el rendimiento de los empleados. La metodología fue cuantitativa, mientras que el enfoque paradigmático utilizado fue positivista, así mismo, el método empleado fue analítico-relacional y transversal de campo, con uso de un cuestionario con escala Likert. Los resultados obtenidos dan cuenta de un liderazgo poco efectivo. El 52,4% de los empleados están en desacuerdo o muy en desacuerdo con el liderazgo, mientras que el 63,0% de los consultados sostienen que el clima laboral es desfavorable o muy desfavorable. La falta de liderazgo efectivo ha llevado a un clima organizacional negativo. Se sugiere a las empresas establecer estrategias que permitirán fortalecer el liderazgo y mejorar el clima laboral de sus organizaciones.

The association between metacognition, self-efficacy and school of origin was analyzed in 950 students of the engineering programs of the University of Cartagena between 2014 and 2016. The instrument for measuring metacognition was the "Learning Self-Regulation Inventory" designed by Lindner, Harris and Gordon (1993), which was modified for the requirements of the research Selfefficacy was measured with the Self-Efficacy Inventory for Learning (SELF) and the school of origin was identified by survey. The values of 0.90 and 0.94 for the Cronbach's Alpha enabled the validation of the Learning Self-Regulation Inventory and the self-efficacy inventory for learning respectively. For the relationship analysis, the variables were crossed and the bar diagrams and the 2x2 contingency tables were constructed by applying the Chi-Square independence test, which showed statistical significance between the metacognition and self-efficacy variables. The results indicate that there is a significant degree of statistical significance (p <0.05) between metacognition and self-efficacy (p = 0.047) at a confidence level of 95%. This allowed us to identify that the engineering student at the University of Cartagena understands his own cognition process and is able to select learning strategies that allow him to achieve his academic achievements.