Bourgoin (Nicolas).-Le suicide en milieu carcéral Le suicide en prison attire particulièrement l'attention des spécialistes depuis la crise de sursuicidité carcérale qui prend naissance en 1972. L'objet de cet article est d'évaluer dans quelle mesure les gens se suicident plus en prison qu'en liberté, d'établir des comparaisons entre suicide carcéral et suicide en milieu libre selon le mode et le profil socio-démographique du suicidé sur un nombre élevé de cas, et d'essayer de mesurer le lien entre le suicide et certains événements de la détention. Des difficultés méthodologiques sont partiellement résolues par l'emploi des taux comparatifs. Les résultats de l'analyse laissent entrevoir des différences essentielles entre les deux types de suicide : le milieu carcéral se distingue par une radicalité dans le mode employé et la vulnérabilité particulière des jeunes. La sursuicidité carcérale est importante, particulièrement chez les femmes et les étrangers. Le fait d'avoir commis un incident en détention apparaît lié au risque de suicide, et peut donc constituer un premier critère pour délimiter une population à risque. L'analyse des moments délicats de la détention où le risque de suicide est le plus à craindre constitue un complément nécessaire à la base d'une action préventive.
Recently, a neuroendocrine-like molecular subtype has been discovered in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (BC). Chromogranin A (CGA) is a widely used tissue and serum marker in neuroendocrine tumors. Our aim was to evaluate serum CGA (sCGA) concentrations and their associations with clinical and follow-up data in BC and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). sCGA concentrations were analyzed in the following cohorts: (1) BC training set (n = 188), (2) BC validation set (n = 125), (3) RCC patients (n = 77), (4) healthy controls (n = 97). CGA immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses were performed in 20 selected FFPE and 29 frozen BC tissue samples. Acquired data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters including comorbidities with known effect on sCGA as well as with patients’ follow-up data. sCGA levels were significantly higher in BC but not in RCC patients compared to healthy controls. High sCGA levels were independently associated with poor overall and disease-specific survival both in the BC training (P < 0.001, P = 0.002) and validation set (P = 0.009, P = 0.017). sCGA levels were inversely correlated with glomerulus filtrating rate (GFR) and linearly correlated with creatinine clearance and urea concentrations. These correlations were not related to the prognostic value of sCGA. Tissue CGA levels were low to absent independently of sCGA concentrations. Our results demonstrate elevated levels and an independent prognostic value for sCGA in BC but not in RCC. Despite the significant correlation between sCGA and GFR, the prognostic relevance of sCGA seems not related to impaired renal function or other comorbidities.
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