Revisiting the contributions of numerous foundational biocriminological works, this article uses the concept 'bodily economies' to analyze the emergence and solidification of criminological pathologizations of the bios dependent on the capture and analysis of human corporeal matter. The scholars we discuss (Lombroso, Ellis, Goring, Hooton, and the Gluecks) each causally equate some part of the body with inbuilt criminality. Through an exegesis of their work, we illustrate how the boundaries of the social body are constituted in and through corporeal capturings and classifications of 'criminal man'. Our analysis investigates the biocriminological method of locating sources of criminality inside the body, which still permeates the new 'science of criminals' used as a tool to define and protect the social body. We conclude by discussing the renewed biocriminological interest in preventing criminality through forecasting it in various scientific constructs and visualizations of the inner body.
This introduction to the special issue on abolitionism provides a detailed synopsis of abolitionist thought found in academic communicational networks. Our main purpose is to introduce readers to the diversity and vitality of abolitionist scholarship. In the penal field, we can distinguish between prison, penal and carceral forms of abolitionism, yet this distinction is not satisfactory, as abolitionism can be articulated to both narrower and more expansive ends. The multiple abolitionist ends are sustained by a variety of logics, premised on assemblages of normative, conceptual and factual elements. This contribution identifies and dissects seven core logics sustaining abolitionist thought in contemporary academia.
Hepatitis C is an emerging theme of contemporary public health discourses related to illicit drug injection practices. Such discourses differentiate injecting from non-injecting users in an actuarial risk logic, targeting drug-injecting users as a population in need of support in the management of risks attributed to their practices. Public health strategies suppose, among other things, that injecting drug users adopt a homogeneous vision of hepatitis C, and of its risk, that is compatible with the reality produced by biomedicine. The majority of studies conducted on hepatitis-related risks in the context of harm reduction strategies are interested in socio-demographic factors to understand the behavioural variations within this targeted population. The meaning given to the virus and to its risk has remained marginal and the diversity of areas of construction of meaning tends to be ignored in the academic literature. Attention to this diversity indicates a complex tissue of social and communicational relations and the contingency of the symbolic instruments that people manipulate in their relation with their body and towards others; a complex tissue in which the reality of biomedicine is one among many alternative realities.
RésuméLa sociologie de Niklas Luhmann suggère de concevoir le droit comme un système social autonome, ne pouvant être déterminé de l'extérieur. Dans un tel cadre théorique, les relations du droit avec son environnement sont saisies à l'aide des concepts d'autopoïèse et de déparadoxification, ainsi que par le biais du paradoxe de l'ouverture par la fermeture. La théorie propose une façon d'analyser les relations intersystémiques qui refuse une domination verticale et linéaire du droit par d'autres formations discursives. Cet article utilise (quelques dimensions) de la re-validation de la constitutionnalité de la prohibition du cannabis par la Cour Suprême du Canada comme prétexte pour clarifier théoriquement et explorer empiriquement un tel cadre. Dans le cas étudié, le juridique choisit notamment d'accorder plus d'importance à des objets biomédicaux qu'à la doctrine libérate. Il pourra faire exactement le contraire dans ses prochaines opérations. La sociologie est condamnée à être surprise par la créativité que déploie le juridique en se maintenant et se transformant de façon autonome.
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