This paper reviews the Alcatel-Lucent Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) base station router (BSR)-a radio access network (RAN) andmobility for nomadic mobile terminals, and authentication and security functions.To deliver CS voice services in a traditional UMTS system, typically four network elements are required to connect the mobile phone to a PSTN. A typical UMTS system uses a node B (i.e., the base station), a radio network controller (RNC), a mobile switching center (MSC), and a gateway MSC (GMSC). In short, the RNC maintains a bi-directional circuit through one or more radio channels from one or more base stations to the phone. Toward the core network, the circuit is patched through the MSC and GMSC to the PSTN. Media conversion from heavily compressed over-the-air voice samples to 64 kilobits per second (kbps) m-Law or A-Law [24] is performed in media gateways embedded in the MSC or GMSC.To provide IP services to a mobile phone, the radio access network (RAN) portion of the system (i.e., node B and RNC) is shared by the circuit and packet domain. While the encoding over the air is different

This paper addresses the end-to-end quality of service (QoS) architecture and mechanisms for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks. It presents specific QoS control mechanisms and algorithms for network performance engineering for real time services, in particular streaming applications. The paper concentrates on QoS control in the UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) since it is often a bottleneck in end-to-end UMTS bearer performance, especially in the initial stages of network deployment. It discusses several QoS implementation mechanisms, including air interface resource and congestion control, call admission control, mobility control, backhaul bandwidth management, and network element queuing control. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of these controls, and ways they can be used to guarantee streaming bearer performance. In addition, real measurement results are given for a commercial end-to-end UMTS network. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent. every network element is shown, and the transport network may be shared). At the service level, the UMTS network is divided into a circuit and a packet domain. The circuit domain provides the traditional circuit services such as voice, fax, circuit switched data, and video phone. The packet domain can provide all kinds of both RT and non-RT services such as voice over IP, video streaming, Web browsing, and file downloading.UTRAN contains both circuit and packet domains. In a packet network such as UMTS, a basic requirement for providing RT applications is end-to-end quality of service (QoS) support over the entire network. This QoS support ensures satisfactory service for end users, since