The UMTS base station router

Abstract

This paper reviews the Alcatel-Lucent Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) base station router (BSR)-a radio access network (RAN) andmobility for nomadic mobile terminals, and authentication and security functions.To deliver CS voice services in a traditional UMTS system, typically four network elements are required to connect the mobile phone to a PSTN. A typical UMTS system uses a node B (i.e., the base station), a radio network controller (RNC), a mobile switching center (MSC), and a gateway MSC (GMSC). In short, the RNC maintains a bi-directional circuit through one or more radio channels from one or more base stations to the phone. Toward the core network, the circuit is patched through the MSC and GMSC to the PSTN. Media conversion from heavily compressed over-the-air voice samples to 64 kilobits per second (kbps) m-Law or A-Law [24] is performed in media gateways embedded in the MSC or GMSC.To provide IP services to a mobile phone, the radio access network (RAN) portion of the system (i.e., node B and RNC) is shared by the circuit and packet domain. While the encoding over the air is different

Review of Advanced Mobility Solutions for Multimedia Networking in IPv6

“…For example in case of pico-and femto cellular access schemes (FemtoForum, 2010) it could be very effective to introduce Layer 3 capability in access nodes to handle IP mobility management and to provide higher level intervention and even cross-layer optimization mechanisms. A good proposal here is the concept of UMTS Base Station Router (BSR) (Bauer, Bosch, Khrais, Samuel, & Schefczik, 2007) which realizes an access-level mobility management distribution technique where a special network element called BSR is used to build flat cellular systems. BSR merges the all the crucial architecture building blocks and functions into a single element: while a common 3G network is built from a plethora of network nodes and is maintained in a hierarchical and centralized fashion, the BSR integrates all radio access and core functionalities.…”

911-NOW: A network on wheels for emergency response and disaster recovery operations

“…In the BSR architecture [2], mobility is resolved at the cell site level and can just as easily be supported locally as it can with central controllers organized in a hierarchical fashion.…”

“…Indeed, a number of radio resource and mobility management functionalities, traditionally performed by central controllers such as the RNC, now have to be distributed across the network elements. The 911-NOW solution follows the third approach and provides a novel portable cellular system based on base station routers (BSRs) [2] that does not require any pre-existing wireless infrastructure and provides capacity and coverage on demand. It is an auto-configurable system with a fully integrated service architecture that can be deployed as a single node solution for local communication or be configured to operate as an ad hoc network of nodes.…”

Flat Cellular (UMTS) Networks

“…a Mobile IP Home Agent) for helping with IP back-haul routing. In the discussion that follows, we use the UMTS architecture as the example system; in fact, we have already built a completely flat UMTS system [10], but the arguments are equally applicable to other cellular standard.…”