Oral cancer appears to be increasing in incidence, and mortality has hardly improved over the past 25 years. Better understanding of the etiopathogenesis should lead to more accurate and earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments with fewer adverse effects. Despite increasing interest in the possible relationships between bacteria and the different stages of cancer development, the association of bacteria with cancer of the oral cavity has yet to be adequately examined. Different bacteria have been proposed to induce carcinogenesis, either through induction of chronic inflammation or by interference, either directly or indirectly, with eukaryotic cell cycle and signaling pathways or by metabolism of potentially carcinogenic substances like acetaldehyde, causing mutagenesis. This review presents the possible carcinogenesis pathway involved in bacterial carcinogenesis, commonly implicated bacteria in oral carcinogenesis and their role in cancer therapeutics as well.

Introduction:The ABO blood group system was the significant element for forensic serological examination of blood and body fluids in the past before the wide adaptation of DNA typing. A significant proportion of individuals (80%) are secretors, meaning that antigens present in the blood are also found in other body fluids such as saliva. Absorption inhibition is one such method that works by reducing strength of an antiserum based on type and amount of antigen present in the stains. Aim:To check the efficacy of identifying the blood group antigens in saliva and to know the secretor status using absorption inhibition method among southern Rajasthan population.

This study revealed that the studied individuals belong to a risk group and should periodically undergo biological monitoring and proper care.

Introduction:Oral Cancer is the fifth‑most common cancer and is the cause of 130,000 deaths worldwide annually. It is a global health problem with an increasing incidence and mortality rate and also has one of the lowest survival rates.Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the awareness about Oral Cancer among non-medicalprofessionals in Ladakh. Methodology:A questionnaire-based survey was conducted over a period ofsixmonth among the different areas of Ladakh to assess the knowledge and awareness about Oral Cancer among non-medical professionals in Ladakh. A questionnaire containing 20 questions pertaining to awareness, signs, symptoms and risk factors of Oral Cancer was submitted to the participants. Results:Participants who completed the questionnaire had a poor understanding of Oral Cancer, particularly with regard to etiology, signs, symptoms & risk factors. Conclusion:Overall, the awareness about Oral Cancer among the non-medical professionalsin Ladakh was not satisfactory pointing to the need of mass awareness and dissemination of information about Oral Cancer and its risk factors.

Objective: Cyclin D1 promotes cell cycle progression during G1 phase, a key event in G1-S transition. It is a positive regulator of cell cycle. Overexpression may lead to disturbance in normal cell cycle control and tumor formation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1 in varying grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Nine formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues were immunohistochemically analyzed for the expression of cyclin D1 in varying grades of OSCC. Results: Expression of cyclin D1 was more in poorly differentiated OSCC than moderately and well-differentiated OSCC. Conclusion: Increased expression of cyclin D1 was seen in poorly differentiated OSCC and thus can be used as a biomarker for the aggressiveness of OSCC.