Introduction: Maintenance of good oral hygiene is important for patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a manual orthodontic toothbrush, powered toothbrush with oscillating head and sonic toothbrush in controlling plaque, gingivitis and interdental bleeding in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and to compare their relative efficacy.Materials and methods: Sixty subjects, who were to receive orthodontic treatment with both upper and lower fixed appliances, were randomly divided into three study groups, with 20 patients in each group. Groups I to III were given manual orthodontic, powered and sonic toothbrushes, respectively. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and interdental bleeding index were scored to assess the level of plaque accumulation, gingival health and interdental bleeding at baseline; 4 and 8 weeks recall visits after fixed appliance bonding. Paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: This study showed that a significant reduction in all the three indices scores was found from baseline to 4 and 8 weeks in group III. On intergroup comparison, no statistically significant differences were detected between the three groups for any of the parameters assessed.Conclusion: On intragroup comparison, sonic brushes performed superiorly in reducing gingivitis, plaque and interdental bleeding as compared to the manual orthodontic and powered brushes. On intergroup comparison, the relative comparative effectiveness was found to be similar for all the three brushes.How to cite this article: Sharma R, Trehan M, Sharma S, Jharwal V, Rathore N. Comparison of Effectiveness of Manual Orthodontic, Powered and Sonic Toothbrushes on Oral Hygiene of Fixed Orthodontic Patients. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):181-189.

The influence of law on the orthodontic profession has greatly increased in the last few decades. Dental law has emerged today as a full-fedged specialty dealing with a variety of areas, like professional negligence, doctor-patient contracts, consumer protection laws, ethics, general and special health legislations and practice regulatory mechanisms. This article highlights the concept of informed consent which is based on the premise that each individual has a right to make decisions concerning his health, disease and treatment.How to cite this article: Jharwal V, Trehan M, Rathore N, Rathee P, Agarwal D, Mathur N. Informed Consent for Braces. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):105-108.

Background: Accelerated orthodontics has revolutionized the field of orthodontic treatment. Reducing the overall treatment time remains the prime concern of an orthodontist. A good accelerating technique should be affordable, repeatable, practical, efficient and should not have any side effects on periodontium including root and alveolar bone. In the era of technology, many advances are made and newer techniques for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement have been introduced in order to reduce the length of treatment with minimal risk of side effects. This study was conducted to compare the biochemical changes in rapid and conventional orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Method:A split mouth study was conducted on thirty patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment requiring all four first premolar extraction. The extraction space closure, was carried out with micro osteoperforations on the distal aspect of both the maxillary canines along with orthodontic force application as experimental site on the right side and conventional orthodontic tooth movement as control site on the left side. GCF was collected before the micro osteoperforation (T0), at day 3 (T1), at day 7 (T2) and at 4 weeks (T3) of initiating canine retraction from the distal gingival crevice of both the maxillary canines. Quantitative analysis of IL-1 and Osteocalcin in GCF sample was assessed using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. The optical density of samples was calculated using a fully automated enzyme linked immunosorbent assay reader. Result: The level of Interleukin-1and Osteocalcin was always higher at the micro osteoperforation site compared to that of baseline values. Conclusion:A gradual increase in the levels of IL-1 and Osteocalcin was observed in both the conventional and micro osteoperforation site but statistically significant elevated levels of IL-1 and Osteocalcin were seen in micro osteoperforation site compared to conventional site.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a major congenital structural anomaly. Cleft lip and palate has significant complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors and lifelong morbidity. Mutations in various genes like TGFB3, RARA, IRF6 have been responsible for causing CLP in various populations.IRF6 gene provides instructions for making a protein interferon regulatory factor, which is active in cells that give rise to tissues in the craniofacial region. The mutations in IRF6 gene can lead to NSCLP, tooth agenesis, etc.

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