Aim: To find out the frequency of perforated appendix among patients presenting with acute appendicitis. Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Sindh Employee Social Security Hospital Landhi Karachi, Pakistan from July 2020 to November 2021. Methodology: This study includes 205 patients. All the details like age, gender, and previous history associated with diabetes and fasting blood sugar were noted. The surgeries were performed by a single surgeon who detected the presence and absence of a perforated appendix. Results: Mean age of patients was 28 years with a standard deviation of ±13.63. A total of 64% of patients were male and 26% were female. About 11% of patients had perforated appendix after acute appendicitis. Conclusion: The frequency of perforated appendix in this study was 11% in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Keywords: Appendicitis, perforated appendix, adults, prevalence

Aim: The goal of this research was to look at the microorganisms that cause infections on surgical site & their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Study design: Cross sectional study Place & duration: This study was conducted at National Hospital and Medical Center Lahore, Pakistan from December 2019 to December 2020 Methodology: Surgical site infection samples were taken from patients who complained of post-operative discomfort, edema, drainage, and a delayed or non-healing wound. Following routine protocol, two swabs were taken from each patient’s surgery site. After 18-24 hours of incubation at 35°C-37°C, the diameter of antibiotic discs was classified & measured as sensitive (S), intermediate (I), or resistant (R) Results: According to the data, 60 (56.07 percent) of 107 samples acquired from post-operative patients with symptoms of wound infection indicated single isolates, 13 (12.14 percent) revealed multiple isolates, and 34 (31.77 percent) samples revealed no bacterial growth. In all, 86 isolates have been identified, including 29 (33.7%) Gram +ve and 57 (66.3%) Gram -ve organisms. Gram positive bacteria were very susceptible to vancomycin & linezolid (100%) and gentamicin (79.3%), while Polymyxin B (94.7%), as well as imipenem, were extremely vulnerable to Gram negative bacteria (79.3 percent ). Conclusion: The most prevalent organisms identified from the surgical site infection were Staphylococcus aureus (MAAS) and E.coli. Microorganisms, both gram positive and gram negative, acquired resistance to more regularly used medications such as penicillin, cephalosporins, and even cost-effective quinolones, according to the findings of this research. Keywords: surgical site infection, hospital acquired infections, gram +ve bacteria, gram –ve bacteria, antibiotics