Background Evidence from various studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); However, these results have been disputable. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T2D. Methods All relevant studies reporting the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T2D published up to August 2020 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in web of science, Scopus, and Medline. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure strength of association. The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were also performed.Results A total of 47 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall population results revealed a significant association between FokI, and BsmI (heterozygote model) polymorphisms and T2D in the overall analysis. However, no association was found with the TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms. Moreover, the pooled results of subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested significant association between FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms and T2D in some subgroups. Meta-regression analyses indicated that none of the publication year, ethnicity, and genotyping method were the source of heterogenicity in all four polymorphisms. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between VDR gene FokI, and BsmI (heterozygote model) polymorphisms and T2D susceptibility in overall population and ethnic-specific analysis.

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Novija istraživanja i naučne studije pokazuju da su radno aktivne osoba u značajnom broju žrtve mobinga sa posljedicama na psihičko zdravlje i sa polimorfnom klimfikom simptomatologijom i smetnjama na porodičnosocijalnoj ravni funkcionisanja.CILJ: Osnovni eiij ovog istraživanja, koje je po svojoj strukluri klmička deskriptivno, bio jc uivrditi posljedice mobinga na psihičko stanje.MATERIJAL I METODE: Ukupan uzorak je 87 ispitanika. dobi od i K-65 godina. oba pola. radno akiivni. različitog socijalnog staiusa i kuimrološkili navika. Liječeni su radi različitih psiliijatrijskili sindroma sa zajednickim nazivnikom - mobingom. kao etiopatogeneiskim fakiorom, Od insinmienata istraživanja koriSteni su: Upitnik sociodemografskih podataka. Klasični psihijatrijski intervju. Beckova skala za samoproejenu depresije i Hamilton ova skala za depresiju (HAM-D).U radu su prikazana iskuslva. primjena i učinci razliCilih modela tretmana uz uključlvanje psihometrijskih instrumenata, testova t skala. Klijenti-ispitanici su dali svoj pristanak za učešće u istraživanju i iretmanu fenomena mobinga. REZULTATI: Ustanovljeno je da najveći broj ispitanika s mobingom ispoljava depresivne simptome, poiom anksiozne, a iza njih slijede ostali poremećajt.ZAKLJUCAK: Analiza rezultata istraživanja prcma socio-demografskim karakteristikama, vremenskom intervatu izložcnosti mobingu, koriStenim mjernim instrumentima, dijagnostičkim kategorijama i primjenjenim terapijskim mjerama potvrduje potrebu daljeg istraživanja i tretmana žrtava mobinga.

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One of the congenital disorders that is characterized by reduced or even absent sense of smell, hyposmia or anosmia, is Kallmann syndrome. Actually, the principal problem is hypogonadism since this congenital disorder is characterized in addition to smell abnormality by hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.In addition to hormonal assays, imaging techniques and mainly MRI plays an important role in establishing the diagnosis. In this Iraqi study, 20 patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism have been examined by MRI in order to identify features that are caharcetristic of Kallmann syndrome contrasted to idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The current study was carried out in the radiology unit at AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital, Babylon province, Iraq. The study was carried out in cooperation with urology unit. The study included a series of 20 patients who were referred by urology department for the assessment of cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism following initial suggestion based on hormonal levels, FSH, LH and testosterone. The age range of those patients was form 20 to 27 years. The MRI imaging included coronal, sagital and axial T1 and T2 weighted images. The thickness of images was 3 mm and the interslice gap was 0.3 mm. Performance of MRI imaging was carried out using 1.5 T GE system. According to MRI examination, there were 5 patients with absent olfactory bulb accounting for 25 % and 3 with absent olfactory sulcus accounting for 15 %, as shown in figure 1. Twelve patients had no detectable MRI abnormality and therefore were considered to have idiopathic hypogonadotrphic hypogonadism; where those 8 patients with abnormal MRI findings were considered to have Kallman syndrome. Absent olfactory bulb was significantly asscoaited with anosmia. The principal findings in MRI that differentiate Kallman syndrome from idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism are olfactory bulb and sulcus abnormalities that are best visualized using coronal MRI scanning.