This study aimed to evaluate the effect of weight loss diets in experimental obesity. Forty-five male albino rats, 6-8 weeks old, were randomly assigned into four groups: Group 1 (Control normal group) : Comprised 10 rats, provided only with regular diet and plenty of fresh. Group 2 (Control obese group with 75 calories diet) : Included 10 rats ,was received a high fat diet for 4 weeks period then each rat was fed daily with 75 calories diet for 8weeks .Group 3 (Obese group with 60 calories diet): Included 10 rats ,was received a high fat diet for 4 weeks period then each rat was fed daily with 80% calories of the Control obese diet for 8weeks (60 calories diet) .Group 4 (Obese group with 45 calories diet) : Included 10 rats ,was received a high fat diet for 4 weeks period then each rat was fed daily with 60% calories of the Control obese diet for 8weeks (45 calories diet).Blood samples were collected after 8 and 12weeks of supplementation for biochemical analysis. As compared to the control normal group, control obese group exhibited a significant decrease in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), transferrin and total iron bending capacity(TIBC), along with increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol ,plasma triacylglycerol, very low density lipoproteincholesterol (VLDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c),sodium ,calcium , iron concentration and Plasma ferritin concentration. Meanwhile , the obese group provided with 60 calories diet exhibited a significant decrease in AST activity, total protein, albumin , urea, creatinine, total cholesterol , triacylglycerol ,VLDL-c, LDL-c, sodium ,calcium , iron concentration and ferritin along with increase in HDL-c, transferrin and TIBC when compared with obese group. However, the obese group provided with 45 calories diet, exhibited a significant decrease in total protein concentration, albumin, T. cholesterol, triacylglycerol, VLDL-c, LDL-c, sodium, calcium, iron concentration and ferritin along with increase in AST activity, urea, creatinine, HDL, transferrin and TIBC, when compared with obese group. In conclusion, Low calorie diet reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients compared with very low-calorie diet.

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Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is a mixture of desiccated mycobacterium in mannide monooleate and paraffin oil that causes tissue death, lesions, and inflammation. Immunologists have been inducing inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases in laboratory animals using CFA for more than 50 years. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease marked by ongoing inflammation that affects more than just joints. Twenty male rats were divided into two groups (10 each), Normal control group: Rats were given no medication. CFA-induced arthritis group: Rats were injected with Complete Freund's adjuvant (0.1 ml, once). After 60 days blood samples and Stifle joints were collected for biochemical assay and genetic study of some signaling transducers including IFNγ, Interleukin-4, STAT3 and Interleukin-12. The results revealed that CFA induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats causing an increase in serum liver enzymes and serum concentration of creatinine, urea, FBS, RF, Anti-CCP and CRP, while decreasing in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration. Moreover, there was up regulation of IL-12, IFNγ and STAT3 gene, and down regulation of IL-4 gene in CFA-induced arthritis group contrasted with the control group. On conclusion, CFA injection into leg footpad of rats induced arthritic animal model associated with similar inflammatory changes recorded in RA patients IFNγ IL-12 IL-4 Rheumatoid arthritis STAT3