Laser cleaning has been identified as an ideal technology to replace conventional chemical techniques in the motorcar coating removal process to maintain the sustainability of our environment. This is due to the unique characteristics of this cleaning technique, such as being versatile, precise, controllable, lack of waste generation, and environmental friendly process. This laser technique can remove the coating layers without using chemical products and prevents the metal substrate surfaces from defect. This paper reviews the potential of incorporating pulsed Nd:YAG laser and its principals in coating removal for automotive industry with respect to these characteristics.

The reserach is focused on the resistance of bio-polymer thin film to bio-degradation in compost soil from renewable resources based on waste banana peel and waste egg shell in polymer matrix. The combination of waste banana peel and waste egg shell in producing of bio-mulching film is a new inovation in agricultural industry . Bio-mulching film is a biodegradable plastics films that can help in increasing the moisture content of soil and improving the soil ingredients in order to make the plants grow well. The thin film is produced by using the waste banana banana peelas the reinforcement fiber, eggshell as filler and epoxy resin as matrix. The thickness of thin film was in between 0.10 mm to 0.15 mm. The epoxy/waste banana banana peelwith eggshell (EWE) 10%, were affected by bio-degradation in soi burial test where the occurances of surface damages, which in turn enhances the degradation of physical properties.

This study summarizes the research on organic fillers, where eggshells were used as the reinforcement and banana peels as the matrix in the manufacturing of biocomposite thin film. Banana peel fibers exhibit a good characteristic of renewable material for the substitution of cement-based composites. However, biocomposite properties are limited by the poor adhesion between natural fiber interface and polymer matrix, which can be improved by chemical modification of fibers. In this research, banana peels were subjected to silane treatment. Biocomposite thin film manufacturing processes were carried out using blending and hand lay-up techniques with various concentrations of epoxy/waste banana peels/eggshell filler (EWE) ratios (EWE 0%, EWE 5%, and EWE 10%). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thickness swelling test were conducted on silane-treated and untreated banana peel biocomposite samples. In XRD analysis, it was found that EWE 10% sample had the highest crystallinity compared to EWE 0% and EWE 5%, and silane-treated samples had higher crystallinity than untreated samples.  For FTIR test, lignin component was removed in silane treatment based on the changes of IR peak characteristic where the new bonds (-Si-O-C-, -Si-O-Si-, and -Si-C-) were found in treated samples. Besides, TGA results showed that the thermal stability of silane-treated samples was improved significantly with the increase of eggshell filler percentage, which was proven by the decrease in the decomposition stage. In thickness swelling test, the samples achieved higher swelling percentage as the percentage of eggshell filler increased. However, the decrease of 5–6% in thickness swelling of treated samples was possibly offset by the enhancement in fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion.

This research study of xrd characterization analysis of organic filler comprise waste banana peel and waste egg shell as matrix and reinforcement in bio-composite thin film. Banana peel fibers exhibit good renewable material for the substitution of bio based composite. The banana peel and egg shell were separately cut into smaller pieces and boiled for 20 min before drying in oven at temperature 80 ˚C for 30 min. These pieces were then ground using mechanical blender into fine powder sizes ranging from 80-100 µm,. This bio-composite thin film will investigate by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine of crystallinity of a compound, distinguishing between amorphous and crystalline material and to quantification of the percent crystalline of a bio-composite thin film. shows that the sharp peaks on egg shell graph at 2Ɵ = 28˚ and 42˚which represent the CaCO3 and it has high crystallinity degree which is 82.9% compared to banana peel.

The aim of this study is to synthesis and characterize activated carbon from Cocos nucifera L. (coconut) shell and sugarcane bagasse by carbonization and activation process. The samples were carbonized and activated at 300°C in a furnace. As the concentration of activating agent increased, the percentage of weight loss also increased due to more volatiles in samples that were released. Addition of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) resulting more porous structure in the activated carbon. The result indicated that the activated carbon derived from coconut shell has higher carbon content compared to sugarcane bagasse. Besides, the elements that contained in the samples were analysed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and surface chemical was characterized using Fourier Transformation Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR). It was concluded that production of activated carbon from coconut shell and sugarcane bagasse can be used in a lot of applications like dye absorbent for waste water treatment.