Abstract. Mini biogas power plant (MBPP) was first used and launched in Malaysia byUniversiti Sains Malaysia (USM). USM with the collaboration with Enerbon Sdn Bhd had set up this mini biogas power plant as an education and research and development tools to professionals and researchers and at the same time giving opportunities to people who are interested with this system to witness and experience it themselves by looking at how this mini biogas power plant works. There are 2 main objectives of this study being carried out; firstly to determine whether food wastes (canteen and cafeterias wastes) can produce methane gas (biogas) that can generate heat and electricity and secondly to establish how much methane gas (biogas) can be produced with the certain amount of the feedstock. It should be pointed out that this MBPP can generate 600kW electricity per day as this system can generate electricity about 25kW/h. The methane produced per day is approximately 180 cubic metres. The higher the wastes, the higher the amount of methane gas produced. The cow dung is used to increase the bacteria in the tank; the methane gas production will be higher if the bacteria breed.

The Water Pollution Study concluded that the most contaminated zone is the stretch where the fundamental channels meet the Clan Jetties shores. These are the channels along Lebuh Chulia, Gat Lebuh Armenian and Gat Lebuh Melayu. The organic loads, measured as far as BOD, COD, Oil & Grease, Suspended Solids are most noteworthy along this strip took after by the shoreline strip. The high E Coli concentrations along these 2 strips affirmed that there is fecal contamination most likely from the partially treated sewage being released from the unsewered premises nearby the Clan Jetties shore. This contamination is exacerbated by the direct sewage transfer into the ocean by the Clan jetties community because of the non-presence of any sewerage system at all. The usage of sewerage system must be provided as soon as possible and may be implemented in stages based on the budget and by doing in stages, the workability of the new system can be enhanced and redesigned in the subsequent stages. Since the houses are based on the ocean floor, the most suitable system to tap the sewage stream from the houses is the Vacuum Sewer System.

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of batch activated sludge reactor for treating pineapple wastewater and to examine the effects of bioaugmentation on treatment performance. The experimental set-up consists of eleven batch reactors. Activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as seed for the reactors. Synthetic pineapple wastewater was used as feed for the reactors. The eleven reactors were arranged to evaluate the total organic removal, nitrification, and sludge production by bioaugmentation process. Three major factors considered were influent organic loading, ammonia-nitrogen, and dosage of bacterial-culture-product addition. Removal of TOG (total organic carbon), sludge production in terms of SS(suspended solids), and ammonia-nitrogen removal variation are used as evaluation parameters. The TOC removal efficiency after the end of a 48 hour reactor run, for influent TOC of 350.14 to 363.30 mg/l, and 145.92 to 169.66 mg/l, was 94.41 to 95.89%, and 93.72 to 94.73% respectively. Higher organic removal was observed in the bioaugmented reactors with higher organic loading. The better organic removal efficiency in the bioaugmented reactors was probably due to activities of bacteria added. The test results also indicated that sludge yield was enhanced by the bacteria additive and high bacteria dosage produced less sludge. Bioaugmentation was observed to be a suitable alternative for enhancing the biological treatment of pineapple wastewater.

Abstract. This study aims to determine the level of wastewater pollution at Clan Jetty, Penang. 20 locations were chosen for water sampling around the jetties. Experiments were conducted to investigate the parameters, namely, temperature at each point, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), the presence of Coliform and E. coli, Nitrate Nitrogen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Suspended Solids, Oil and Grease as well as Total Phosphorus (TP). Laboratory results showed that Point 1A was the most polluted location compared to other sampling points. The highest COD recording was 5824 mg/L at Point 1A and the lowest amount of 103 mg/L was recorded at Point 4. This study demonstrates that the absence of a sewerage system contributes to marine pollution around the jetties. Thus, a sewerage system is the best solution to improve water quality around the jetties in the future.

Sewage systems transport sewage through cities and other inhabited areas to sewage treatment plants to protect public health and prevent disease. Sewage is treated to control water pollution before being discharged to surface waters. Sewerage systems are very important for housing areas as they ensure that human waste is disposed of properly and directed to the treatment plant. At Clan Jetty, Penang there is no sewerage system, so human waste is directly disposed of into the water. As a place of historical interest which encourages visitors to come, seeing the human waste floating on the water surface and smelling the dirty water is not good for tourism. The function of a sewerage system is to transfer any wastes such as those that are ordinarily discharged from toilets, water closets, baths, showers, sinks, basins and other sanitary and kitchen fitments. The absence of a proper sewerage system has seriously damaged the beauty of the whole area. The absence of which, combined with general water pollution around Penang, has seriously affected the waters around the jetties which are no longer even suitable for fishing [1]. The main purpose of this thesis is to propose a treatment process and also to recommend long-term operations and maintenance in order to properly deal with the issue of substandard sewage processing.