Purpose Building on the findings of previous related literature, this paper adopts the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory to analyze how social media users engage with content posted by European football associations (FAs). The purpose of this paper is to identify various post attributes that would aid national sports organizations (NSO) in reaching their online audiences and excelling their media presence. Design/methodology/approach A coding framework was designed to differentiate Facebook posts by topic, post design and content type. A sample of 2,450 posts from the official Facebook accounts of 49 FAs was collected. Engagement was measured using three metrics: likes, comments and shares. The derived categories of content were coded as dichotomous dummy variables and ran through a multivariate OLS regression analysis. Three regression analyzes were conducted, where each of the engagement metrics served as the dependent variable. Findings The findings of this paper show that relevance of post topics has a significant effect on engagement. Users interacted most with posts related to the male national A-team, while club football news had a negative response from the followers. Graphic elements such as images and videos positively impact an FA’s ability to generate post likes. Exclusive and behind-the-scenes content made users react extremely well, affecting all engagement metrics. Raw news (match reports, team line-ups) was of little interest to Facebook users. Originality/value U&G theory has yet to have been applied to social media studies in the NSO context. Previous studies have either looked at specific case studies of a single NSO or NSOs within a single country, while this paper reviewed the social media practices of 49 NSOs under the umbrella of a single continental sports federation.

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The article discusses the prospects of grassroots football development in Russia and the potential socioeconomic areas that can be positively infl uenced by this factor. This study also provides and overview of the current fi nancing system of Russian non-elite football as well as the long-term development goals set out in the 2030 Russian Football Development Strategy. The authors conduct a thorough review of scientifi c literature. Namely, the concept of social return on investment is discussed due its broad application in a number of empirical studies. Specifi c attention is given to research papers that analyzed the cause-effect relationships between sport and physical activity and healthcare, education, social inclusion and economic factors. In conclusion the authors summarize the main fi ndings of previous studies and ascertain the feasibility of conducting similar research in the context of Russian football. Data accessibility and validity are highlighted among the potential barriers for conducting such a study. This sort of research could have high practical relevance due to the proactive initiatives undertaken by state agencies and the Football union of Russia in promoting grassroots football activates across the country.

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