Structure evolution and morphology of La0.7Sr0.3Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (LSCF 7328) were investigated during two different preparation methods namely mechanochemical and combination of mechanochemical-solid state. The result shows that no characteristic peak of perovskite oxide was found on the diffractogram of the product of sole mechanochemical method at 600 rpm and up to 12 h of high energy milling process. On the other hand, the manual grinding method that was followed by solid state calcination produces irregular particle size. Due to the result, the combination of both methods was proposed to obtain the fine structure formation and particle size distribution. Rietveld refinement was used to investigate the lattice distortion. It was found that unit cell remains unchanged at increasing milling time. Moreover, the combination method produces regular particle size at milling time of 0.5 h. At longer milling time, the more regular particle size is formed which comes from highly energy transfer of milling.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas modul matakuliah Kimia Fisika 1 materi termokimia untuk melatih literasi kimia mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation dan evaluation), namun penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap development. Pembuatan modul ini disesuaikan dengan pendekatan intertekstual berbasis multi representasi. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah modul berbasis multi representasi pada materi termokimia untuk melatih kemampuan literasi mahassiwa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan  metode kuisioner menggunakan rating scale untuk skala kelayakan. Skala kelayakan terdiri dari lima aspek, yaitu aspek self instruction, aspek self contained, aspek stand alone, aspek adaptive, dan aspek user friendly. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan statistik deksriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh hasil skor rata-rata validitas isi sebesar 4.79 dengan kulaifikasi sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar pada materi termokimia berbasis multi representasi memiliki kualifikasi sangat baik dan bisa digunakan untuk pembelajaran dalam kelas.ÂÂ

Polyaniline is a polymer material that has unique physical and even chemical properties, especially in its electrical properties. PANi synthesis can be carried out by chemical and electrochemical oxide reaction methods. The purposes of this study are to synthesize PANi and PANi / Fe3O4 composites by chemical oxide reactions and measure their conductivity. This research begins with the synthesis of iron oxide (Fe3O4) from natural iron sand and then followed by the synthesis of PANi / Fe3O4 composites using copreticipitation method. The Fe3O4 crystal phase was determined by using XRD, while the vibrational mode and morphology of the PANi / Fe3O4 nanocomposite was observed using FTIR and SEM. The conductivity properties were measured using a LCR meter. Furthermore, the conductivity properties were measured using a LCR meter and the result reveals a greater conductivity value as increasing the concentration of Fe3O4, the highest conductivity value of 3.1 mS/cm is known by the sample with an iron oxide concentration of 1 %. While the samples with a concentration of 0.5 % of iron oxide has conductivity values of 2.8 mS/cm and pure PANi of 2.1 mS/cm. Due to its properties such to inert to the environment and having conductive properties, the obtained PANI / Fe3O4 composite can be employed as a super capacitor electrode..

Students had difficulty understanding the chemical bonding concept because of its complex and abstract nature. This difficulty could lead to chemical bonding misconceptions. This study aimed to investigate basic chemistry students' misconceptions of chemical bonding. This study used a descriptive research design with a four-tier diagnostic test. The research’s subjects were basic chemistry students. Chemical Bonding Diagnostic Tool (CBDT) was used as an instrument to determine students' misconceptions. The results showed that students who had misconceptions about ionic, covalent, and coordinate covalent bonding were 48.90%, 53.00%, and 37.50%, respectively. The misconception in this course is that students need to learn about ionic bonds formed by electrostatic forces between cations and anions. As a result, students cannot determine the difference in electronegativity values in ionic and covalent bonds and the number of valence electrons of each atom in a chemical bonding. Therefore, the misconception is in the moderate category.

This volunteer work is being done in Klino Bojonegoro, more specifically in the Bojonegoro and Madiun border region. By supplying IOT-based automatic plant sprinklers for watering the local chrysanthemum horticulture, this PKM activity serves to support farmer organizations in the community. Chrysanthemum and rose picking excursions are one of the tourist attractions in Klino Village, one of the tourist destinations in Bojonegoro. The female farmer organization Blooming Sari is in charge of managing the chrysanthemum cultivation (KTW). Using hoses and padlocks, traditional watering procedures are still used, and they are done in the morning and evening. The approach used in this program is to have casual, one-on-one conversations with farmer groups, followed by observations of field requirements and the creation of tools. The stages of activities completed include site surveys, tool and material analysis, tool creation, tool testing, socialization, monitoring, and PKM program evaluation. This PKM activity resulted to the creation of an IOT-based, smartphone-controllable automatic plant watering solution. There are a number of challenges, including those in tool manufacturing that necessitate numerous trials, pipe installation that requires pipes to match the position point, network limitations, and others. This leads to the conclusion that this PKM activity is effective, capable of resolving issues, and perhaps a solution to the issues facing farmer groups in Klino Bojonegoro village.