Abstract

Background and Objectives: Idiopathic anterior knee pain is a common condition in adolescents and is mostly of unknown cause. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the Q-angle and muscle strength on idiopathic anterior knee pain. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one adolescents (41 females and 30 males) diagnosed with anterior knee pain were included in this prospective study. The extensor strength in the knee joint and the Q-angle were monitored. The healthy extremity was used as a control. The Student’s paired sample t-test was applied for testing the difference. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the Q-angle value between the idiopathic AKP and the healthy extremity (p > 0.05) within the entire sample. A statistically significant higher Q-angle of the idiopathic AKP knee (p < 0.05) was obtained in the female subgroup. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the male subgroup. Within the male subgroup, the strength of the extensors within the knee joint of the healthy extremity had statistically significant higher values than the strength of these muscles in the affected extremity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A greater Q-angle is a risk factor linked to anterior knee pain within the female population. Decreased muscle strength of knee joint extensors is a risk factor linked to anterior knee pain in both sex subgroups.

Nutritional status is the condition of the body as a result of the food intake, absorption and the ability of body to maintain normal metabolic homeostasis. Creatinine is determined by the muscular mass, because it is non-enzymatically derived from creatinine, which is structural component of muscles. Previous studies showed that serum creatinine concentration correlate with body mass index (BMI) in both general and athletic population and proposed that the specific reference ranges should be used in athletes. In the similar manner, aminotransferases are released by activated muscles and could increase after physical exercise. Strong correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with BMI was found in general population, but the data for athletes are still lacking. In addition, the percentage of Body Fat (%BF) has been shown to be more reliable indicator of nutritional status in athletes. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship of anthropometric parameters, BMI and the% BF, with the serum concentration of AST and ALT in male and female athletes (basketball players), and to assess if there are gender specific differences in the level of aminotransferases.The 84 male (22 ± 2 years) and 72 female basketball players (20 ± 2 years) were examined. All subjects had been practiced sports actively for minimum 5 years, at least 15 hours per week. Measured anthropometrical parameters and liver metabolic parameters were: body height (BH), body mass (BM), BMI,%BF (assessed by bioimpedance) and serum concentrations of AST and ALT after at least 12h of fasting and 24h without high intensity physical activity.The BMI was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in male group compared to female one. However, females had significantly higher percentage of the body fat (p < 0.01) in comparison with males. AST and ALT, were significantly higher in male athletes (p < 0.01) (Table 1). Strong positive correlation between BMI and%BF was observed in both groups. In male athletes, correlation was not found between BMI and AST and ALT, and%BF and AST and ALT. In female athletes a strong negative correlation was found between BMI and AST and ALT; and%BF and AST (Figure 1a) and ALT (Figure 1b).Abstract P-81 Table 1Anthropometric and biochemical parameters in athletes Female group Male group p Age20.0 (2.0)22.0 (2.0)n.sYears of training8.4 (3.2)11.1 (3.9)n.sBM (kg)68.4 (7.9)90.2 (13.3)< 0.01BH (cm)183.4 (5.7)195.9 (6.4)< 0.01BMI (kg/m2)20.8 (1.8)24.7 (2.6)< 0.01%BF18.2 (2.5)11.3 (3.5)< 0.01AST (U/I)22.6 (6.2)26.5 (7.0)< 0.01ALT (U/I)17.0 (7.5)24.9 (9.8)< 0.01BM - Body Mass; BH - Body Height; BMI - Body Mass Index;% BF – Percentage of Body Fat; AST - Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT - Alanin aminotransferase. The values are the means (SD).Abstract P-81 Figure 1a, bCorrelations between BMI and AST, and ALT levelsOur study has showed that BMI and%BF do not correlate with AST and ASL in male athletes, while they strongly correlate in female athletes, therewith%BF correlate better with AST and ALT. A...

Uticaj tipa treninga na atropometrijske i fUnkcionalne karakteristike U popUlaciji sportista takmičara Sažetak: Uvod: Osnovna mera aerobne sposobnosti organizma je količina utrošenog kiseonika (VO 2 ml/min/kg). Aerobna moć ili maksimalni aerobni kapacitet je određen maksimalnom vrednošću potrošnje kiseonika (VO 2 max). Cilj: Cilj ove studije je da uporedi maksimalnu potrošnju kiseonika između dve grupe sportista koji imaju različite programe treninga. Materijali i metode: U našem istraživanju učestvovalo je 204 sportista takmičara različitih sportskih disciplina, muškog pola, starosti između 18 i 35 godina. Ispitanici su bili podeljeni u 2 grupe, u skladu sa preovlađujućim karakteristikama treninga: grupa sportova veština (n = 86) i grupa sportova izdržljivosti (n = 118). Rezultati: Ispitanici u grupi sportova veština bili su statistički značajno stariji u odnosu na ispitanike iz grupe sportova izdržljivosti (25 ± 5; 23 ± 4, respektivno; p < 0.05). Vrednosti telesne visine bile su statistički značajno veće u populaciji sportova izdržljivosti u odnosu na populaciju sportova veština (185,54 ± 7,24; 183,41 ± 7,79, respektivno; p < 0.05). Vrednosti telesne mase se nisu statistički značajno razlikovale među grupama. Indeks telesne mase bio je visokostatistički značajno niži u grupi sportova izdržljivosti u poređenju sa grupom sportova veština (23,32 ± 1,88 kg/m 2 i 24,80 ± 3,37 kg/m 2 , respektivno; p < 0,001). Testiranje je pokazalo da je procenat telesne masti visokostatistički značajno veći u grupi sportova veština u poređenju sa grupom sportova izdržljivosti (13,52 ± 6,45% i 8,39 ± 3,62%, respektivno; p < 0,001). Pripadnici grupe sportova veština imali su statistički značajno manju potrošnju kiseonika u miru u odnosu na grupu sportova izdržljivosti (5,87 ± 1,20 ml/min/kg i 6,54 ± 1,26 ml/ min/kg, respektivno; p < 0.05). Pripadnici grupe sportova izdržljivosti imali su visokostatistički značajno veću maksimalnu potrošnju kiseonika u odnosu na ispitanike u grupi sportova veština (55,35 ± 8,44 ml/min/kg i 45,50 ± 7,49 ml/min/kg, respektivno; p < 0,001).

Introduction: It is known that music can reduce the sense of fatigue and pain during physical exercise as well as to affect the motivation. Physiological effects of music during submaximal intensity cardiopulmonary exercise tests can be examined using a treadmill. Aim: In this study we examined the impact of asynchronous music on cardiopulmonary parameters of students, while they were running on the treadmill on the moderate to high load. Also we examined the difference between these two conditions. Materials and methods: This study involved 6 students from the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade, which were tested in the conditions with and without music. In order to determine maximal oxygen consumption, maximal exercise tests were conducted in advance. During the testing phase, cardiopulmonary parameters were measured in two different conditions: on 70% of maximal measured VO 2 values and on 90% of previously measured maximal VO 2 values respectively. Results: The breathing frequency, ventilation, exhaled CO 2 volume, blood pressure were significantly increased (p<0.05) in terms of music on a moderate rate of 70% VO 2 max. On high rate of 90% VO 2 max, there has been no significant changes to the parameters (p>0.05) except a decrease in blood pressure and minimal increase in VO 2 /kg. Conclusion: This study confirmed the influence of music on cardiopulmonary parameters and demonstrated that it can affect respiratory variables only on moderate loads. Results showed that music does not affect respiratory variables on high loads, but there was a significant decrease in blood pressure in both, moderate and high loads.