BACKGROUND: Alveolitis is the most common complication that occurs after tooth extraction. Among preventive and therapeutic methods, pharmacological agents for the dry socket treatment have been proposed. However, the gold standard for the prevention and treatment of alveolitis has not been defined. AIM: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of a collagen sponge with lincomycin and an iodoform tampon for the prevention of the development and treatment of alveolitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 75 patients with jaw alveolitis and patients with teething disorders and chronic periodontitis who underwent planned tooth extraction. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 underwent a socket revision, whereas group 2 had a tooth extraction. The patients of each group were divided into two subgroups: subgroup A used a collagen sponge with lincomycin and subgroup B used an iodoform tampon. The intensity of pain syndrome, severity of mucosal hyperemia, and collateral edema were assessed, and the epithelialization time of the sockets was recorded. RESULTS: The clinical study of the effectiveness of a collagen sponge with lincomycin in comparison with an iodoform tampon demonstrated some advantages of a collagen sponge, including a more comfortable postoperative period, mild pain, less pronounced edema and hyperemia, epithelialization of the extracted teeth sockets 1.5 days earlier. CONCLUSION: For the prevention and treatment of alveolitis, especially in patients in whom the use of iodine compounds is contraindicated, the use of Alvanes collagen sponge with lincomycin is preferable to an iodoform tampon.

Relevance. The etiology of alveolitis distinguishes infectious and traumatic factors, which determine the relevant drugs for preventing the inflammatory process after tooth extraction and local treatment of the developed alveolitis. Purpose – the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a collagen sponge containing lincomycin hydrochloride compared to the traditional method using iodoform packing strips based on clinical, microbiological and immunological research methods.Materials and methods. The study examined and surgically treated 75 patients with jaw alveolitis (K10.3), including those with eruption disorders, chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis in remission. Routine tooth extraction was recommended for them. We treated developed alveolitis in 37 patients and prevented complications during tooth extraction in 38 patients. According to the local exposure, the study allocated two subgroups: A –collagen sponge containing lincomycin hydrochloride and B –iodoform packing strips (traditional method). We comparatively analyzed microbiological parameters and cytokine content in the mixed saliva of patients using enzyme immunoassay (EIA).Results. In the studied alveolar socket material with a confirmed diagnosis of alveolitis, a spectrum of priority pathogens was established, including mainly microaerophilic streptococci, obligate anaerobes and staphylococci. The monitoring of the local treatment method effectiveness demonstrated that the sponge with lincomycin does not fall behind in the decontamination level regarding streptococci and obligate anaerobes but is less effective against the staphylococcal component of the microbial consortium. Analysis of cytokines confirmed the presence of the immunotropic effect of the collagen sponge with lincomycin.Conclusion. The possibility of using a collagen sponge with lincomycin hydrochloride has been substantiated as an alternative method of local treatment of alveolitis, which has a pronounced antibacterial and immunotropic effect at the level of regulation of the cytokine status.