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Сборник материалов III Всероссийского демографического форума с международным участием включает тезисы докладов и выступлений по широкому спектру вопросов, связанных с новыми подходами и тенденциями в части реализации национальной цели «сбережение народа России и развитие человеческого потенциала», указанной в Стратегии национальной безопасности Российской Федерации, утвержденной Указом Президента РФ в июле 2021 года. Достижение указанной национальной цели основано на реализации ряда задач, среди которых повышение рождаемости, формирование мотивации к многодетности, самосохранительного поведения российского населения.Сборник представляет интерес для специалистов в сфере семейно-демографической и миграционной политики, научно-образовательного сообщества, исследователей в области охраны здоровья и самосохранительного поведения.УДК 314(063) ББК 60.7я431

The article is devoted to the study of trends in the socio-economic development of single-industry cities of the Ural Federal District and the Ural economic region, their typology in accordance with industry specifics, the development of proposals for improving the economic situation in this type of settlements. The choice of territories for the study was dictated by the special uniqueness of the Ural Federal District. It lies not only in the fact that 37 monotowns of the macroregion make up a third of its entire urban environment — almost 20% of the district's residents (with the all-Russian one — slightly less than 10% of the country's population), but also in the fact that all mono-settlements are concentrated in three constituent entities of the district out of six : Kurgan region (4), Sverdlovsk region (17) and Chelyabinsk region (16). And for them the share of the population of single-industry towns is already more than 30%. In addition, in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, single-industry towns form single-industry districts (this kind of phenomenon still exists only in the Kemerovo region). An increase in the values of the decile coefficient, the unemployment rate and the proportion of the population living at the poverty line can lead not only to an increase in social tension and an increase in crime, but also to outbursts of protest actions. In this regard, the study of trends in the socio-economic development of monotowns in the Urals has a high scientific and practical relevance and significance for the sustainable development of Russia.

Analyzed is one of the most relevant “big challenges” for Russia is the exhaustion of opportunities for economic growth. That is largely due to ineffective system of spatial organization of the country’s economy and low connectivity of its regions. Disproportions in distribution of productive forces and, in particular, of population, reinforces already existing very high degree of socio-economic differentiation of country’s regions, complicates development of resource centers and Eastern territories, creates shortage of demand in labor market and overconcentration of resources in European part of Russia. The model for development of 15–20 agglomerations that can compete with each other for human capital and form an alternative to Moscow and St. Petersburg agglomerations on national scale, is seen as common project for optimizing trends in spatial development and the system of settlement of the country, presented by leading economists and statesmen. However, implementation of this project may have various negative scenarios and serious socio-economic risks for small and single-industry cities of Russia, which explains relevance of a systematic study and modeling of possible scenarios, as well as socio-economic effects on development of new agglomerations. Single-industry cities are important structural element of the settlement system and economy of the country. The main production and economic basis for development of single-industry towns are their city-forming enterprises, often with unique industries, technologies and personnel base. However, in the current period of time significant part of single-industry towns in Russia is experiencing serious socio-economic and demographic problems, expressed in intensive migration and natural population decline, decrease in economic potential of city-forming enterprises, increase in unemployment and social tension. Solution to demographic and social problems of single-industry towns directly depends on development of city-forming economy. Presented article examines trends in socio-economic and demographic development of mono-cities in Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, and also presents recommendations for overcoming of corresponding problems.

The articleexamines a number of urgent problems of spatial development of seven regional centers of Siberia (cities of Abakan, Gorno- Altaysk, Kemerovo, Kyzyl, Tomsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita) based on data of the Russian state statistics and the results of sociological research conducted in 2021 by the staff of the Department of Geo-Urban Studies and Spatial Demography of the Institute for Demographic Research (IDR FCTAS RAS). The aim of the study was to identify socio-economic and demographic conditions for the development of the centers of the regions of Siberia as nodes of the supporting framework of the country's settlement. Questionnaire data from seven regional centers were analyzed using statistical methods, methods of comparative analysis, as well as graphical and cartographic presentation.The authors identified demographic trends in the development of agglomerations of regional centers of the regions of Western and Eastern Siberia. The territories with a greater degree of regionalization of business revealed a more active involvement of industrial enterprises in the implementation of social and economic development projects. The article evaluates development dynamics of small and medium-sized businesses in the centers of the regions, as well as of higher and secondary vocational education. It reveals general patterns and individual features in the socio-economic development of the centers of the territories under consideration.The article conducts ranking of cities by the degree of influence of negative factors on their development, analyses subjective assessments of respondents of problems of cities of residence with attitudes to emigration. The most vulnerable to depopulation regions, in terms of their geographical location (remote regions of Eastern Siberia), as well as the cities – large centers of high-tech engineering were identified. The paper proposes organizational and economic solutions to overcome these negative factors. The results of the study, according to the authors, can be used to formulate priority measures of regional and economic policy of Siberia and develop its spatial potential.