No abstract

В статье представлена авторская классификация издержек несостоятельности, оценки которых необходимы менеджменту компании при принятии решений о структуре капитала. Выявлен ряд проблем существующей классификации, обусловленных использованием неточной терминологии, неверным применением концепции оптимальной структуры капитала, отсутствием в классификации издержек преодоления несостоятельности (реструктуризации), а также обобщены методы оценки величины издержек несостоятельности. Показано, что большинство исследований по оценке этих издержек сфокусировано на издержках кредиторов, в то время как выбор структуры капитала должен опираться на издержки акционеров, а издержки кредиторов зависят не только от выбранной структуры капитала, но и от других факторов. Ключевые слова: издержки несостоятельности, финансовая неустойчивость, издержки банкротства, теория компромисса, структура капитала.

The problem of spatial development is topical theme, both from the territorial imbalances point of view of and in the current state of public administration. There is a need to create attractive conditions for competitive life. A key role in achieving this goal belongs to the quality of spatial planning and sustainable spatial development. The authors mean by "spatial development" the system-structural approach to scalable territorial tasks of integral development management of. This article discusses the spatial development of Siberia and the Far East of Russia, where the lowest population density (and the outflow of people is ongoing) is on 2/3 of the territory of Russia and there are no donor entities. The formation of a promising spatial framework of macroregions based on the identification of advanced growth hubs (so-called "second" and "third" cities of subjects according to the rule of "rank-populous"), essential in the federal economic context, is emphasized. The actual state of the infrastructure in the regions is studied and modern demographic trends are considered. Content and maps of different scales were developed during this study. They form an idea of the level and trends of spatial development in the regions represented. Maps of the proposed spatial framework were created after studying the possibilities of socioeconomic transformation of Siberia and the Far East. The cartographic method allows to visualize an integrated approach to the study of the problem. Consideration of geoinformation models in the context of spatial development opens new opportunities for interpretation of available data. The findings of the study can be used both for territorial planning at the federal district level and for further research at the national and interregional level. KEYWORDS: spatial development, territorial planning, federal district, hub of advanced growth, "second" city, "third" city, geoinformation modeling, mapping ВВЕДЕНИЕ Если посмотреть на среднюю плотность населения по стране (8,58 чел./км 2) или, тем более, в Сибири (3,75) и Дальнем Востоке (1,00 чел./км 2), то она может показаться крайне недостаточной, пока мы не сравним её с австралийской (3,2 чел./км 2) или канадской (3,7 чел./км 2). Эти страны, как и Россия, входят в число шести крупнейших по территории стран мира. И так же, как Российская Федерация, они имеют территорию, удобную для заселения и сельскохозяйственного освоения, меньшую, чем вся площадь государства. Но, в отличие от нас, они не стараются охватить всю территорию, даже пригодную для жизнедеятельности. При сопоставимых значениях площадей, пригодных к заселению и с меньшей средней плотностью населения, экономики Канады и Австралии эффективнее

The present analyzes the economic and demographic indicators of monotowns of the Sverd-lovsk region with the most difficult socio-economic situation (monotowns of the "red zone") to suggest a scenario forecast of their further development. To achieve this goal, it was supposed to trace the dynamics of the main demographic and economic indicators for 2012-2019. The data of municipal and regional statistics were used. In order to identify the most developed urban settlements, it was decided to conditionally divide them into monotowns of the first group (the most positive statics of indicators) and monotowns of the second group (less positive statics of indicators). In order to draw up a more accurate scenario forecast of the development of each individual settlement, a rating of growth of economic and demographic indicators was introduced, based on which it is possible to track the rate of improvement of municipal statistics after 2016. We also used data from other studies on single-industry towns in the Sverdlovsk region and the Russian Federation as a whole. Pervouralsk and Krasnoturyinsk were the most frequent cities in the first group, and Volchansk and Karpinsk were the least frequent. At the same time, Volchansk had the highest growth rating, while Severouralsk showed the lowest. Ultimately, the results obtained made it possible to divide the monotowns into three groups and suggest their further development according to the three proposed scenarios.

The article deals with the actual problems of spatial development of the regions of Eastern Siberia south. The results of a sociological study in the republics of Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia and Zabaykalsky Krai, conducted in September-October 2021, are analyzed. The sample is based on a model, using key characteristics of the general population, based on the principles of quota-proportional and territorial methods. The total sample size is 467 respondents. The empirical object of the study is the adult population of the regions. The social situation of the population of Eastern Siberia south, migration attitudes and attitudes towards labor migrants from abroad, assessments of the economic situation and the dynamics of the development of key enterprises in four regions are considered. The opinions, assessments and comments of local residents on the demographic and migration situation, the main socio-economic indicators of regional development are given. The socio-demographic and socio-economic situation in Eastern Siberia as a whole is compared. The study was carried out under the RFBR project “Modeling scenarios of spatial development of Siberia and the Russian Far East until 2030: features of the settlement system”. The main goal is to assess the current state of the settlement system, develop strategic prospects and model variant scenarios for the spatial development of the regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are given and recommendations are offered.