The aim of the study is to analyze soil cultivation technologies and development trends of tillage machines in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The prospects of using dump and non-dump soil tillage are shown. Existing basic processing technologies are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of traditional technologies and plows for primary tillage are analyzed. The advantages of the new technology of smooth plowing and frontal plows for its implementation are given. The expediency of developing and implementing combined machines that carry out various technological processes in one pass of the unit and special-purpose plows for working in gardens and on slopes based on frontal plows is substantiated. The perspectives of the application of technologies and tools for anti-erosion and land reclamation cultivation, phytomeliorative works based on minimal narrow-band soil cultivation and sowing are shown. Directions of developments in the field of mechanization of tillage in the future are given.

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The aim of the research is to substantiate the main parameters of the machine working elements for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges and their mutual location. The authors have developed a machine that performs all technological operations to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on the ridges in one pass in the field. The machine performs surface loosening of the soil, strip deep loosening of the soil, formation of ridges, loosening of the surface layer of the ridge top, compaction, and giving them a trapezoidal shape in one pass. The design of the developed machine for the realization of technology of preparing the soil for potatoes sowing is resulted. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical studies established the following parameters of the working bodies of the machine: the working width of the bodies 200 mm, length of the blade wing 515-545 mm, angle of slope of the ploughshare left to its base 60, length and height of the guide knife respectively 150 mm and 80 mm, the longitudinal distance between the bodies within 350-400 mm, width and length of the drill bit 80 mm and 115 mm respectively, the working width of the lancet leg 150 mm.

The analysis of soil processing technologies for sowing melons was carried out. When performing technological operations for sowing melons, it is necessary to perform basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, as well as open irrigation furrows. Carrying out such operations is associated with high energy costs and multiple passes of units across the field. It is proposed to carry out strip processing of the soil for sowing melons. For its implementation, the design of a combined tillage system is proposed, which performs plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass. When performing basic soil treatment, the plow working bodies of the front plow are used for smooth plowing, which ensures the turnover of the soil layer in its own furrow. The plow bodies of a two-body plow are installed along the axis of symmetry of the gun according to the Lister scheme. At the same time, not a complete turnover of soil layers is provided. They are simultaneously stacked in such a way that when the gun passes at their junction, an irrigation furrow is formed. Behind the plow cases, a ripping and leveling device is installed for strip pre-sowing treatment of the soil in the sowing zone. As such a working body, rotary working bodies with spherical knife elements are used, behind which a slatted roller is located. Using a combined tillage unit can reduce labor costs by up to 25 %, energy consumption for the process of preparing the soil by up to 50 %, and reduce the time of work, soil compaction and preserve moisture in the soil layer.

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